A 38-year-old woman attends the Neurological Outpatient Clinic as an urgent referral, with a short, but progressive, history of double vision. It is noted by her husband that her speech is worse last thing in the evening. She is a non-smoker and drinks 18 units a week of alcohol.
Which of the following is the most appropriate diagnostic test?
You are asked to give a presentation to a group of third-year medical students about the different types of dementia and how they may present.
Which of the following is characteristic of frontotemporal dementia?
What is the result of a lesion in the occipital lobe?
A 16-year-old girl informs you during her appointment that her cousin was recently diagnosed with Bell’s palsy and she has some inquiries about it. Which cranial nerve is primarily impacted by Bell’s palsy?
A 92-year-old woman presents to the Neurology Outpatients with worsening speech difficulties and difficulty swallowing. Upon examination, she exhibits nasal speech, tongue fasciculations, and a lack of gag reflex. The diagnosis given is bulbar palsy. Where is the lesion responsible for this condition typically located?
A 5-year-old girl is brought to a Paediatrician due to learning and behavioural difficulties. During the examination, the doctor observes symmetrical muscle weakness and notes that the child has only recently learned to walk. The girl requires assistance from her hands to stand up. The Paediatrician suspects that she may have Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and orders additional tests.
What is the protein that is missing in DMD?
A 30-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department, complaining of severe headache, neck stiffness and photophobia. There is no history of trauma and there has been no recent foreign travel. On examination, he has fever and a non-blanching rash on his chest. Meningococcal septicaemia is suspected and treatment is commenced. A lumbar puncture was performed.
Select the result most consistent with a diagnosis of bacterial meningitis.
A 68-year-old male presents with a sudden onset of vision loss in his right eye that lasted for about half an hour. He experienced initial blurring of vision followed by cloudiness and inability to see out of the eye. The patient has a recent history of hypertension and takes atenolol, but is otherwise generally healthy. He drinks modest amounts of alcohol and smokes five cigarettes per day. On examination, his vision is now normal in both eyes with visual acuities of 6/12 in both eyes. His pulse is regular at 72 beats per minute, blood pressure is 162/88 mmHg, and BMI is 30. Cardiovascular examination, including auscultation over the neck, is otherwise unremarkable. What investigations would you order for this patient?
A 67-year-old male comes to the clinic with a complaint of sudden flailing of his left arm. During examination, it is observed that his left arm occasionally makes rapid, sudden, and uncontrollable thrusts. What is the diagnosis for this condition?
A 10-year-old boy is referred to the Paediatric Neurology Service after his teacher raised concerns that the child sometimes appears to ‘stare into space’. The parents brought him to the General Practitioner reporting that they have also noticed that he would look blank for a minute and then looks confused. After these episodes, the boy becomes his normal self and does not remember what happened. The boy says that he sometimes has headaches, which usually occur at home and for which he takes paracetamol. There is no significant past medical or family history.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?