A 32-year-old male arrives at the emergency department complaining of intense pain in his right knee after sustaining an injury while playing football. According to him, he was tackled from behind and felt a sudden ‘pop’ in his knee, followed by rapid swelling. During the examination, a knee effusion is observed on the right side, and the Lachman test is positive. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 23-year-old male comes to the emergency department complaining of left knee pain after a twisting injury while playing rugby. He reports that the knee has been gradually swelling for the past day and he cannot fully extend it. During the examination, you observe tenderness over the medial joint line, a joint effusion, and the knee is held in a flexed position. Valgus stress test shows no laxity. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 68-year-old man visits his general practitioner complaining of sudden vision loss in his right eye for the past two days. He has no significant medical history except for taking co-codamol for occasional headaches. Upon examination, his vital signs are normal. However, his right eye’s visual acuity is 6/30, while his left eye is 6/6. A fundoscopic examination reveals a pale and swollen optic disc with blurred margins. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 35-year-old male presents to his GP with a one-week history of pain and swelling in his left knee and right ankle. Upon examination, both joints are swollen, tender, and erythematosus. The patient’s vital signs are within normal limits. He has a medical history of ulcerative colitis, GORD, and depression. A rheumatological screen reveals elevated CRP and ESR levels, but negative ANA and ANCA results. The GP refers the patient to a rheumatologist for further testing. Which of the following tests is most likely to yield positive results?
A 30-year-old woman with a history of recurrent spontaneous miscarriages and DVT / PEs comes for a follow-up appointment at your clinic. During the examination, you observe the presence of purpuric rashes, splinter haemorrhages, and livedo reticularis. Considering the probable diagnosis, what would be the most suitable auto-immune antibody test to conduct?
What feature is typical of the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease?
Which statement about breast screening is accurate?
A 16-year-old girl comes to her healthcare provider and reveals that she has missed two periods and has taken a pregnancy test that confirms she is pregnant. She has been sexually active with her 17-year-old boyfriend for the past six months, using condoms as protection. The patient expresses her desire for an abortion but does not want to involve her parents in any way. Despite being counseled on the procedure and advised to involve her parents, she refuses and threatens to seek an abortion elsewhere. She fully understands the risks associated with the procedure. What is the most appropriate course of action for this patient?
A 75-year-old male presents following a recent hospital admission with a small stroke. He mentions having difficulty finding his way to your clinic in the car and upon further questioning, it becomes apparent that he has memory impairment and has become slower after the stroke. He had a medical examination two years ago and has three years left on his driving licence before he next needs a further medical. Despite your recommendation to give up driving, he refuses as he is dependent upon the car for getting around. What is the appropriate course of action in this situation?
In what scenarios is there a demand for novel approaches to establish death despite the persistence of cardiorespiratory activity?