A 25-year-old female arrives at the Emergency Department complaining of sudden onset abdominal pain. The pain is intermittent, concentrated in the right iliac fossa, and is rated at a 7/10 intensity. The patient is experiencing nausea and has vomited twice. She reports her last menstrual cycle was 4 weeks ago. An ultrasound of the abdomen shows a whirlpool pattern in the right iliac fossa. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 26-year-old woman at 8 weeks gestation presented to her GP with complaints of mild vaginal bleeding and lower abdominal discomfort. The GP referred her to the early pregnancy assessment unit where a transvaginal ultrasound scan revealed an ectopic pregnancy. What is the probable site of the ectopic pregnancy?
An 80-year-old woman visits her doctor complaining of persistent urinary symptoms. She mentions experiencing leakage whenever she coughs or sneezes, despite regularly performing pelvic floor muscle exercises. The patient expresses her reluctance towards any surgical intervention for this issue. What would be the next suitable course of treatment?
A 35-year-old female patient visits her GP seeking emergency contraception after engaging in unprotected sexual activity around 96 hours ago. She is presently undergoing treatment for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) with antibiotics.
Which emergency contraceptive would be the most suitable option for this patient?
A 16-year-old girl visits her nearby pharmacy at 11 am on Tuesday, asking for the morning-after pill. She discloses that she had unprotected sex around 10 pm on the previous Saturday and is not using any birth control method. She specifically asks for levonorgestrel, as her friend had taken it a few weeks ago. Is it possible for her to receive levonorgestrel as an emergency contraception option?
A 29-year-old female patient comes in with a complaint of excessive menstrual bleeding. She reports having to change her pads every hour due to saturation with blood. She is not experiencing any other symptoms and has no plans of having children in the immediate future. After a routine examination, what is the best course of action for management?
A 23-year-old female presents to the Emergency Department with sudden-onset, right-sided lower abdominal pain over the past few hours. She has associated nausea and vomiting. The pain has now reached the point of being unbearable. She denies any fever, vaginal bleeding, dysuria or altered bowel habits. She has no significant past medical history. She does not take any regular medications.
On examination, she appears to be in significant pain, clutching at her right lower abdomen, which is tender on palpation. Normal bowel sounds are present. There is a palpable adnexal mass on pelvic examination. She is slightly tachycardic. A pregnancy test is negative and urinalysis is normal.
What ultrasound finding would be indicative of the likely diagnosis?
A 56-year-old woman visits her GP complaining of heavy vaginal bleeding. She had her last menstrual period at the age of 48 and has not experienced any vaginal bleeding since then. The patient has a medical history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and gastro-oesophageal reflux disease. She is currently taking a tiotropium/olodaterol inhaler and lansoprazole. She used to take the combined oral contraceptive pill for 20 years but did not undergo hormone replacement therapy. The patient has never been pregnant and has a smoking history of 35 pack-years. What is the most significant risk factor for her possible diagnosis?
A 29-year-old woman with a BMI of 18 is referred to a fertility clinic as she has been unsuccessful in conceiving with her partner for 2 years. After ruling out male factor infertility, you suspect that her low BMI may be causing anovulation. What hormone can be measured on day 21 of her menstrual cycle to test for ovulation?
A 52-year-old woman contacts her doctor reporting occasional, light menstrual cycles. She is also experiencing vaginal dryness, mood swings, irritability, and night sweats, and suspects that she is going through perimenopause. However, she has read online articles that have made her concerned about the possibility of endometrial cancer. Which of the following treatments could potentially raise her risk of this condition?