MSFinals-1586
A 35-year old teacher is found to have a medical condition that follows an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern.
Which of the following illnesses is most accurately characterized as being inherited in an autosomal dominant manner?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-1587
A 55-year-old man presents with a tender nodule in the palm near the middle finger, which eventually becomes painless and leads to the formation of a superficial cord. This is followed by the contraction of the metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal joints of the finger. Fibrous nodules also develop on the penis. What is the inheritance pattern of this condition, which is more common in men?
MSFinals-1588
A worried mother brings her 12-year-old daughter to a paediatric gynaecologist. Her daughter is significantly shorter than her peers, has not yet started puberty, and is deaf in both ears. During the examination, the clinician observes neck webbing, a high arched palate, and low-set ears. Based on these findings, the clinician suspects that the child may have Turner syndrome.
What is the most appropriate chromosomal abnormality that characterizes Turner syndrome?
MSFinals-1589
An 8-year-old boy comes to you with a history of easy bleeding and bruising, even with minor injuries. His parents are healthy, but his mother reports that her brother also has a bleeding disorder and suspects that other male relatives may be affected. Based on this information, what is the most probable mode of inheritance for this condition?
MSFinals-1590
A 28-year-old male patient visits his general practitioner complaining of a discharge from his urethra. Upon laboratory examination of the discharge, it is found to contain numerous neutrophils, some of which contain Gram-negative intracellular diplococci. The patient is administered ceftriaxone 250 mg intramuscularly, which initially resolves the symptoms. However, the patient returns five days later with the same complaint. What is the most probable cause of this discharge?
MSFinals-1591
A 31-year-old man visits his doctor with complaints of back pain that has been gradually worsening over the past few months. The man works as a graphic designer and denies any history of heavy lifting or back trauma. An MRI of the back is ordered, which reveals a mass compressing the lumbar vertebrae. The radiology report suggests that this could be a metastatic mass, and the patient is referred to the oncology service for further evaluation. Upon diagnosis, the man is found to have testicular seminoma. What are the typical lymph nodes that this type of cancer spreads to?
MSFinals-1592
A 35-year-old man visits his doctor with a complaint about his penis. He explains that he experiences a noticeable curvature during erection, which has become more severe in recent years. He feels ashamed and worried that it could be cancerous.
What is the probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-1593
A 65-year-old man presents with symptoms of difficulty initiating the flow of urine, increased frequency, and urgency for the past six months. His serum prostate-specific antigen level is 1.5 ng/ml (normal < 2.5 ng/ml) and a prostatic biopsy is performed, revealing glandular and stromal hyperplasia with an increased number of epithelial and stromal cells. What is the most suitable treatment for this patient's condition?
MSFinals-1594
A 14-year-old girl is brought to the clinic by her mother. She reports that her daughter has not yet had her first period, although her two sisters both experienced menarche at the age of 12. She also reports a history of red-green colour blindness and an inability to smell. On physical examination, there is little axillary and pubic hair, and the patient is noted to be Tanner stage II.
Which one of the following is most likely to be found in this patient?
MSFinals-1558
A 35-year-old man undergoes genetic testing after he develops colorectal cancer at the age of 35. His mother also had colorectal cancer at a similar age and died from the disease. He undergoes genetic testing and is found to have classic familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) coli. He has a 3-year-old son.
If his son has inherited classic FAP and does not undergo prophylactic surgery, what is the likelihood he will develop colon cancer?