Archives: Medical Student Finals

MSFinals-1457

A 25-year-old professional who is working long hours develops intermittent periods of abdominal pain and bloating. She also notices a change in bowel habit and finds that going to the restroom helps to relieve her abdominal pain.
Which of the following drug treatments may help in the treatment of her colic and bloating symptoms?

MSFinals-1458

An unknown middle-aged man was brought to the Emergency Department. He was found wandering aimlessly in the street and his gait was unsteady, suggestive of alcoholism. However, he did not smell of alcohol. He could not answer questions as to his whereabouts and there seemed to be decreased comprehension. He had cheilosis and glossitis. As he was asked to walk along a line to check for tandem gait, he bumped into a stool and it became evident that he could not see clearly. After admission, the next day, the ward nurse reported that the patient had passed stool five times last night and the other patients were complaining of the very foul smell. His blood tests reveal:
Calcium 1.90 (2.20–2.60 mmol/l)
Albumin 40 (35–55 g/l)
PO43− 0.40 (0.70–1.40 mmol/l)
Which of the following treatments is given in this condition?

MSFinals-1459

A 47-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a history of chronic alcoholism and multiple episodes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Physical examination reveals dilated superficial abdominal veins, enlarged breasts, palmar erythema, and numerous small, dilated blood vessels on the face and trunk. Further investigation reveals liver biopsy results showing bridging fibrosis and cells with highly eosinophilic, irregularly shaped hyaline bodies near the nucleus. The presence of these inclusions suggests that the cells originated from which of the following embryonic structures?

MSFinals-1460

An 80-year-old man is released from the hospital after suffering from a stroke. He was prescribed multiple new medications during his hospitalization. He complains of experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following medications is the most probable cause?

MSFinals-1461

A 72-year-old woman visits her primary care physician (PCP) with concerns about not having had a bowel movement in the past four days. The patient typically has a daily bowel movement. She denies experiencing nausea or vomiting and has been passing gas. The patient was prescribed various pain medications by a home healthcare provider for left knee pain, which she has been experiencing for the past three weeks. The patient has a history of severe degeneration in her left knee and is awaiting an elective left total knee replacement. She has a medical history of hypertension, which she manages through lifestyle changes. A rectal examination shows no signs of fecal impaction.
What is the most appropriate course of action for managing this patient’s constipation?

MSFinals-1462

A 35-year-old accountant has been recently diagnosed with haemochromatosis following a year-long history of fatigue, irritability and bronzing of the skin. She would like to know more about the prognosis of the condition and is concerned about the risks of passing on the condition to any children that she may have in the future.

Which of the following statements best describes haemochromatosis?

MSFinals-1463

A 9-year-old girl is brought by her mother to the clinic. She has been experiencing gradual difficulty in eating. She complains that when she swallows, the food gets stuck behind her chest and it takes a while for it to pass. She frequently regurgitates undigested food. A follow-up barium study reveals a bird’s beak appearance. Which mediator’s loss may be contributing to her symptoms?

MSFinals-1464

A General Practice is conducting an audit on the number of elderly patients with gastrointestinal symptoms who were referred for endoscopy without a clear clinical indication.
Which of the following intestinal diseases necessitates blood tests and small intestinal biopsy for precise diagnosis?