Archives: Medical Student Finals

MSFinals-0580

What plasma glucose level is indicative of diabetes mellitus in a patient with symptoms?

MSFinals-0581

Which of the following accurately describes one of the anatomical relationships of the oesophagus?

MSFinals-0582

What is the significant transformation that takes place enabling children to synthesize their own vitamin K?

MSFinals-0584

A 57-year-old unemployed man presents to hospital with complaints of weight loss and weakness. He has difficulty climbing stairs and rising from his armchair at home. He lives alone and drinks 50 units of alcohol per week while smoking 20 cigarettes daily for 40 years. His blood pressure is 197/98 mmHg. Upon investigation, his Hb is 99 g/L, WBC is 9.8 ×109/L, platelets are 350 ×109/L, sodium is 145 mmol/L, potassium is 2.8 mmol/L, urea is 4.1 mmol/L, creatinine is 120 µmol/L, bicarbonate is 35 mmol/L, and glucose is 12.9 mmol/L. An arterial blood gas shows a pH of 7.26. Which investigation would be most useful in determining the cause of his illness?

MSFinals-0585

A known opiate-abuser in his mid-twenties is observed injecting a substance and subsequently collapsing on the street. He is immediately transported to the emergency department. What acid-base disturbance would be anticipated in this scenario?

MSFinals-0586

A clinical trial was conducted to compare operative treatment with bracing therapy for scoliosis. Thirty patients who met the criteria for surgery were assigned to group A, while 60 patients who refused surgery or had contraindications were treated with bracing alone in group B. The patients in group A were older and had a poorer performance status compared to group B. Three patients in each group were lost to follow-up for unknown reasons. What is the most probable bias in this study?

MSFinals-0551

A 65-year-old individual has recently undergone anterior resection for a rectal mass. The histology report indicates that the adenocarcinoma is moderately differentiated and has invaded into the muscle, but not through the wall. One of the 13 lymph nodes examined has been found to be involved by metastatic tumour, but the high tie node is free of tumour. A liver biopsy from a suspicious lesion in the liver has shown ‘no evidence of malignancy’. Can you determine the stage of this patient’s cancer?

MSFinals-0552

In which tissue is glycolysis the primary direct means of generating ATP?

MSFinals-0553

A 45-year-old patient diagnosed with multiple drug resistant (MDR) TB is undergoing extended treatment with moxifloxacin. What potential side effect may arise from this medication?