A 35-year old woman visits the clinic with a complaint of wrist pain on the dorsoradial side that has been bothering her for the past year and a half. She is an avid tennis player. During the examination, the doctor notices tenderness in the same area and crepitus when the thumb is moved passively. Finkelstein’s test yields a positive result. What is the probable diagnosis?
After a snack, which is the primary lipoprotein present in plasma?
The following laboratory results were returned in a 7-week-old girl admitted with six days of severe projectile vomiting:
pH 7.51 (7.36-7.44)
PO2 12 KPa/95 mmHg (11.3-12.6)
PCO2 4.7 KPa/35 mmHg (4.7-6.0)
Blood Urea 11 mmol/L (2.5-7.5)
Na+ 131 mmol/L (137-144)
K+ 3 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
Chloride 83 mmol/L (95-107)
What is true concerning this patient?
A 62-year-old male patient complains of vomiting and an epigastric mass. During upper GI endoscopy, a normal stomach is observed with extrinsic compression. A CT scan reveals a sizable pancreatic mass. What is the most frequent location for pancreatic cancer?
In the liver, what is the primary enzyme responsible for converting glucose to glucose-6-phosphate during glycolysis?
A 58-year-old male presents with black tarry stools. He has a history of chronic alcoholism for 30 years, consuming approximately a litre of vodka daily. During an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, oesophageal varices with bleeding and a small gastric ulcer were discovered. Due to active gastrointestinal bleeding, he was kept nil by mouth and given intravenous infusions of 5% glucose plus 0.45% sodium chloride solution at a rate of 60 ml/hour and 60 ml of 50% glucose water every 6 hours. Initially, he showed no signs of confusion, and his ammonia levels were normal. However, he later developed polymorphic VT, and refeeding syndrome is suspected. What electrolyte changes would you anticipate?
A 22-year-old female patient reports experiencing tingling sensations around her mouth and hands, as well as numbness in her feet. She has a history of anorexia nervosa and her current BMI is 15. Additionally, she has been experiencing occasional, unresolved contractions in her arms and legs. Tapping the inferior portions of her cheekbones causes facial spasms. What electrolyte abnormality is most likely responsible for these symptoms?
A 68-year-old male presents with a week-long history of confusion. He has been generally healthy but takes atenolol for hypertension and smokes 10 cigarettes per day.
During examination, his pulse is 88 beats per minute, blood pressure is 126/88 mmHg, and temperature is 37.1°C. He is disoriented in time and place, but no other abnormalities are found.
Routine blood tests reveal:
– FBC Normal
– Sodium 120 mmol/L (137-144)
– Potassium 3.5 mmol/L (3.5-4.9)
– Urea 2.1 mmol/L (2.5-7.5)
– Creatinine 56 µmol/L (60-110)
– Plasma glucose 5.8 mmol/L (3.0-6.0)
– Serum TSH Normal
– Plasma osmolality 260 mosmol/L (275-295)
– Urine osmolality 510 mosmol/L
– Urine sodium 48 mmol/L
What is the likely diagnosis?
You are requested to assess a 76-year-old female patient who has been admitted with severe diarrhea. She had recently undergone a course of ciprofloxacin for a urinary tract infection and reports that the diarrhea started a few days after starting the antibiotics. Upon examination, she appears severely dehydrated and has a BP of 130/80 mmHg, with a 30 mmHg postural drop and an elevated pulse rate. You suspect that she may be suffering from Clostridium difficile infection. What measures can be taken to reduce its spread?
An epidemiologist wants to investigate the impact of a new vaccine, vaccine X, compared to the existing vaccine, vaccine Y. She plans a research study to test the theory that vaccine X will provide a higher immunity rate than the current vaccine.
What is the null hypothesis?