A 70-year-old male presents with abdominal pain.
He has a past medical history of stroke and myocardial infarction. During examination, there was noticeable distension of the abdomen and the stools were maroon in color. The lactate level was found to be 5 mmol/L, which is above the normal range of <2.2 mmol/L. What is the most probable diagnosis for this patient?
A 25-year-old man comes to the Emergency Department complaining of gastroenteritis. He has experienced severe cramps in his left calf and has vomited five times in the last 24 hours. Blood tests reveal hypokalaemia, and an electrocardiogram (ECG) is performed. Which ECG change is most commonly linked to hypokalaemia?
A 65-year-old man visited the dermatology clinic in the summer with a rash on his forearms, shins, and face. Which medication is most likely to be linked with this photosensitive rash?
A 60-year-old man presents to cardiology outpatients after being lost to follow-up for 2 years. He has a significant cardiac history, including two previous myocardial infarctions, peripheral vascular disease, and three transient ischemic attacks. He is also a non-insulin-dependent diabetic. During examination, his JVP is raised by 2 cm, and he has peripheral pitting edema to the mid-calf bilaterally and bilateral basal fine inspiratory crepitations. His last ECHO, performed 3 years ago, showed moderately impaired LV function and mitral regurgitation. He is currently taking bisoprolol, aspirin, simvastatin, furosemide, ramipril, and gliclazide. Which medication, if added, would provide prognostic benefit?
A patient in their 60s with idiopathic pericarditis becomes increasingly unwell, with hypotension, jugular venous distention and muffled heart sounds on auscultation. Echocardiogram confirms a pericardial effusion.
At which of the following sites does this effusion occur?
A 45-year-old man is referred to the Cardiology Clinic for a check-up. On cardiac auscultation, an early systolic ejection click is found. A blowing diastolic murmur is also present and best heard over the third left intercostal space, close to the sternum. S1 and S2 heart sounds are normal. There are no S3 or S4 sounds. He denies any shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness or episodes of fainting.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 65-year-old insurance broker with mitral stenosis is seen in the Cardiology Clinic. He reports increasing shortness of breath on exertion and general fatigue over the past six months. Additionally, he notes swelling in his feet and ankles at the end of the day. What is the first-line intervention for symptomatic mitral stenosis with a mobile undistorted mitral valve and no left atrial thrombus or mitral regurgitation?
A 55-year-old woman has been admitted for treatment of lower extremity cellulitis. During your examination, you hear three heart sounds present across all four auscultation sites. You observe that the latter two heart sounds become more distant from each other during inspiration.
What is the physiological explanation for this phenomenon?
What are the clinical signs that indicate a child has acute rheumatic fever carditis?
What hormone does the heart produce under stressed conditions?