MSFinals-6163
An elderly man aged 70 visits his GP complaining of intermittent claudication. The vascular team diagnoses him with peripheral arterial disease. What treatment options may be available for him?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-6167
A 17-year-old student has recently observed a yellowish tinge in the whites of his eyes and skin. Upon examination, he is found to be jaundiced. The following are his liver function test results:
Bilirubin: 47 µmol/l
ALP: 42 u/l
ALT: 19 u/l
AST: 26 u/l
Albumin: 41 g/l
What is the primary test that should be used to determine the cause of this patient’s liver function abnormalities and jaundice?
MSFinals-6168
What is the usual anatomical structure affected in Klippel-Feil syndrome?
MSFinals-6169
A 45-year-old female presents to the Emergency Department with right upper quadrant pain, nausea and vomiting. Her temperature is 38.2ºC and she was described as having rigors in the ambulance. She scores 14 on the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) as she is confused when asked questions.
What is the likely diagnosis based on her symptoms, which include yellowing of the sclera, tenderness in the right upper quadrant of her abdomen with a positive Murphy’s sign, and vital signs of a respiratory rate of 15/min, heart rate of 92/min, and blood pressure of 86/62 mmHg?
MSFinals-6170
A 57-year-old male visits the urology clinic after being referred by his GP due to experiencing multiple instances of passing blood in his urine and abdominal discomfort. He has also lost approximately 2kg in weight and feels generally unwell. During the examination, a mass is detected on the right side of his abdomen. Despite having no other health issues and being functionally well, what initial treatment option is expected to be recommended for his probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-6171
A 50-year-old overweight male arrives at the emergency department complaining of sudden epigastric pain accompanied by sweating, nausea, and shortness of breath. He has a smoking history of 25 pack-years and has previously been diagnosed with hypertension and high cholesterol levels. The pain began approximately one hour ago while he was lifting heavy objects and has not subsided despite taking antacids and paracetamol at home. What is the initial investigation that should be performed?
MSFinals-6172
A 60-year-old active builder presents to the emergency department with left-sided scrotal pain and swelling accompanied by fever for the past two days. He had a urinary tract infection 10 days ago, which improved after taking antibiotics. He has a medical history of benign prostatic hyperplasia and is waiting for transurethral resection of the prostate. Despite his age, he is still sexually active with his wife and denies ever having a sexually transmitted disease. What is the probable pathogen responsible for his current condition?
MSFinals-6174
A 65-year-old man presents to clinic with a three month history of worsening lower urinary tract symptoms and nocturnal enuresis. Upon examination, he has a painless distended bladder and a smoothly enlarged prostate on digital rectal examination. Bladder scan reveals 1.5L residual and ultrasound kidney, ureter, bladder (US KUB) shows bilateral hydronephrosis. His blood results are as follows:
Na+ 136 mmol/L (135 – 145)
K+ 4.5 mmol/L (3.5 – 5.0)
Bicarbonate 28 mmol/L (22 – 29)
Urea 6.5 mmol/L (2.0 – 7.0)
Creatinine 310 µmol/L (55 – 120)
What is the most likely diagnosis?
MSFinals-6175
You are a general practitioner and a 85-year-old woman presents with a complaint of severe itching in her left nipple. During examination, you observe that the nipple is red and there is some discharge with blood stains on her bra. What would be the best course of action for management?
MSFinals-6176
A 16-year-old male is brought to the emergency department (ED) after sustaining a head injury during a soccer game. According to his parents, he lost consciousness immediately after the collision for several minutes. He regained consciousness and was himself for a few hours, but they brought him to the ED when he became drowsy and complained of a headache. On examination, his Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is 12, his pupils are unequal, and there is a noticeable swelling on the right side of his head. Based on the probable diagnosis of an intracranial hemorrhage, which vessel is most likely damaged?