MSFinals-6133
A 65-year-old woman diagnosed with primary breast cancer is considering whether or not to give her consent for an axillary node clearance. What specific complication should she be informed of regarding this procedure?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-6134
A 49-year-old female patient visits her general practitioner after discovering a suspicious lump in her left breast. Upon referral to a breast surgeon, she is diagnosed with a 1.5 cm HER2+ carcinoma. Although there are no palpable axillary lymph nodes during clinical examination, her pre-operative axillary ultrasound reveals multiple nodes that appear suspicious. What is the recommended course of action for managing the patient’s axilla?
MSFinals-6135
A 39-year-old patient with a history of peripheral vascular disease presents to the emergency department with complaints of rest pain in their left leg. Despite being a smoker, their BMI is 25 kg/m² and they have no other medical issues. Upon examination, the patient has absent foot pulses and lower limb pallor. A CT angiogram is performed and reveals a long segmental obstruction, leading to suspicion of critical limb ischaemia. What is the best course of treatment?
MSFinals-6136
A 28-year-old male patient complains of a tender swelling in the natal cleft that has been present for two days. Upon examination, three midline pits are observed, and there is a fluctuant swelling to the right of the natal cleft. What is the probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-6137
In 2015, NICE released guidelines on preventing venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized patients. What would be considered a risk factor for VTE according to these guidelines?
MSFinals-6138
A 56-year-old woman presents with recurrent episodes of colicky, right-sided flank pain over the past few months. She has no significant past medical history but has previously received treatment. On examination, there is generalised right-sided abdominal tenderness. Blood tests reveal elevated calcium levels and a CT scan shows multiple renal stones. What measures can be taken to decrease the frequency of these episodes?
MSFinals-6139
A 35-year-old female presents with recurring abdominal pain that extends to her shoulder, especially after consuming heavy meals. She experiences nausea and vomiting during these episodes, but no chest pain or shortness of breath. There is no fever present. Upon examination, her pulse and respiratory rate are within normal limits. What is the probable cause of her symptoms?
MSFinals-6140
A 42-year-old woman undergoes a gastric bypass surgery and visits the clinic with complaints of vertigo and crampy abdominal pain after meals. What could be the possible underlying cause?
MSFinals-6141
A 65-year-old man visited his doctor complaining of painless haematuria that had been occurring on and off for three months. He has a past medical history of COPD and IHD, and has smoked 25 packs of cigarettes per year for the past 40 years. Upon examination, no abnormalities were found. However, a urine dipstick test revealed 3+ blood. What is the probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-6142
A 26-year-old male comes to the ED complaining of fever, neck stiffness, and photophobia that started a day ago. The physician orders blood tests and requests a lumbar puncture with lidocaine. Can you explain the mechanism of action of this anaesthetic?