MSFinals-6025
A senior citizen is inquiring about the power of a statistical test.
Which statement best describes the power of a statistical test?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-6026
Some elderly individuals currently receiving medical care have collected data on the prevalence of diabetes. They sampled 500 people. The data collected are shown in the table.
True positive (has the disease) True negative (does not have the disease)
Screen positive 200 50
Screen negative 20 230
Which of the following is the best description for the calculation of positive predictive value?
MSFinals-6027
A new test for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is trialled in a high-prevalence HIV population. Sensitivity is found to be 90%, and specificity 94%. The test is then used in a population with a low prevalence of HIV.
Which one of the following statements about the test is correct?
MSFinals-6028
An 85 kg 40-year-old man who is normally fit and well is scheduled for an appendectomy today. He has been made nil by mouth, and surgeons expect him to continue to be nil by mouth for approximately 24 hours. The man has a past medical history of childhood asthma. He has been taking paracetamol for pain but takes no other regular medication. On examination, the man’s blood pressure (BP) is 110/80 mmHg and heart rate 65 bpm. His lungs are clear. Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is not raised, and he has no peripheral oedema. Skin turgor is normal.
What is the appropriate fluid prescription for this man for the 24 hours while he is nil by mouth?
MSFinals-6029
A 65 kg 30-year-old woman who is normally fit and well is scheduled for appendectomy today. She has been made nil by mouth, and surgeons expect her to continue nil by mouth for approximately 24 h. The woman has a past medical history of childhood asthma. She has been taking paracetamol for pain, but takes no other regular medication. On examination, the woman’s blood pressure (BP) is 110/80 mmHg, heart rate 65 beats per minute (bpm). Her lungs are clear. Jugular venous pressure (JVP) is not raised and she has no peripheral oedema. Skin turgor is normal.
What is the appropriate fluid prescription for this woman for the 24 h while she is nil by mouth?
MSFinals-6030
A 70-year-old woman is being discharged from the Surgical Ward following a midline laparotomy for a perforated duodenal ulcer. She has several surgical staples in situ.
How many days post-surgery should the staples be removed?
MSFinals-6031
A 36-year-old man is one day postoperative, following an inguinal hernia repair. He has become extremely nauseated and is vomiting. He is complaining of general malaise and lethargy. His past medical history includes type 1 diabetes mellitus; you perform a capillary blood glucose which is 24 mmol/l and capillary ketone level is 4 mmol/l. A venous blood gas demonstrates a pH of 7.28 and a potassium level of 5.7 mmol/l.
Given the likely diagnosis, what is the best initial immediate management in this patient?
MSFinals-6032
This 70-year-old man is in atrial fibrillation, which was confirmed on a 24-hour tape during a pre-operative assessment clinic. He reports no prior heart issues but has experienced temporary loss of vision in his right eye over the past two months. He has type II diabetes and COPD but takes no other medications. His blood pressure is normal, and an echocardiogram shows an ejection fraction greater than 65%. What is his CHA2DS2-VASC score?
MSFinals-6033
A 65-year-old woman is admitted with an unstable open tib-fib fracture after a road traffic collision. There is neurovascular compromise; however, there is no overt bleeding, and the decision is made to bleep the on-call consultants in vascular and trauma and orthopaedics to take the patient to theatre. She is on warfarin for atrial fibrillation (AF), and her international normalised ratio (INR) is currently 3.2 (normal value <1.1).
What is the most appropriate intervention before surgery, with regard to her INR?
MSFinals-6011
In a city with a population of 2.5 million, 292 patients were diagnosed with Disease X in a 7-day period. Disease X has an average annual incidence of 1.5 per 100,000 people. What term can explain this increase in point prevalence of Disease X?