A 35-year-old woman with two children visits the Gynaecology Clinic, referred by her general practitioner. She has decided that she wants to undergo a tubal ligation procedure to prevent any future pregnancies after discussing it with her partner. During her consultation, she asks about the potential risks associated with the procedure.
What is a commonly acknowledged potential outcome of tubal ligation?
A 29-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department with severe lower abdominal pain for the last day. She reports that she has had some bloody vaginal discharge. She is currently sexually active. She has a fever of 38.1 °C. On examination, she has uterine tenderness and there is severe cervical motion tenderness.
What is the most important initial investigation in helping to reach a diagnosis?
A teenage patient has been diagnosed with a chlamydial infection following a recent sexually transmitted infection (STI) screen. The patient has agreed to treatment of the infection and has no known allergies, however, you are concerned about compliance.
Which of the following would be most appropriate?
A 20-year-old student visits the Genitourinary Medicine (GUM) Clinic with concerns about a recent sexual encounter. He had unprotected sex with a woman and has since developed a purulent urethral discharge and painful urination. Gram-negative diplococci were identified in specimens taken from him. What is the probable causative organism for this patient’s symptoms?
You are investigating the mechanisms of action of the currently available treatments for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).
Regarding HIV, which of the following statements is accurate?
You review a 35-year-old woman with a history of menorrhagia and dysmenorrhoea. She has started a new relationship and wants some advice on the best method of contraception.
An ultrasound scan from six months ago showed three subserosal fibroids ranging in size from 1 to 2 cm in maximal dimension, without uterine distortion.
Her medical history includes migraines with aura, which are well controlled at present.
Which of the following is the best suited method of contraception for this patient?
A 32-year-old woman, a mother of three, comes to see you on day 20 postpartum and asks for contraception. She is currently alternating between breastfeeding and bottle-feeding her newborn, struggling with sleepless nights, and wants a referral for Fallopian tube ligation as she explains that, at present, she does not want any other children. She is a smoker.
Which of the following is the best method of contraception in this patient?
A 42-year-old woman comes in seeking advice on contraception. She has recently entered a new relationship and has been using barrier methods of contraception, but would like to explore other options for convenience. Her periods have become irregular over the past year, but she is otherwise healthy with a history of mild hypertension that is managed with ramipril. She does not drink but is a smoker, consuming around 20 cigarettes per day. What would be the most suitable form of contraception for this patient?
After fertilisation, which part of the spermatozoon remains in the cytoplasm of the oocyte?
A 35-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician seeking the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP). She has a history of pelvic inflammatory disease and had an ectopic pregnancy that was treated with methotrexate a year ago. Additionally, she is a heavy smoker, consuming 20 cigarettes per day. Her family history is significant for BRCA1 mutation in her mother and sister, but she declines genetic testing. What would be an absolute contraindication for the COCP in this patient?