A 35-year-old woman, who has a history of type 1 diabetes mellitus, visits your GP clinic complaining of sudden vision loss in her right eye. During direct ophthalmoscopy, you observe no discernible features of the retina or disc. However, you do notice redness in the vitreous. What is the probable reason for this presentation?
A 68-year-old man came to your GP clinic complaining of stiffness and pain in his knee joints, painful urination, and a red eye with circumcorneal redness, hypopyon, and photophobia. What is the most probable reason for his red eye?
An 80-year-old woman presents with complaints of dry, gritty, and painful eyes bilaterally. She has been experiencing these symptoms for a few years and has found little relief with frequent use of lubricating eye drops. Upon examination, both eyelids were crusted and had irregular margins. The meibomian orifices on both lids were obstructed with oily material. What is the underlying cause of this woman’s dry eye condition?
A 25-year-old man arrived at the Emergency Department complaining of sudden eye pain, sensitivity to light, and feeling like there was something in his right eye after taking out his contact lens. Upon fluorescein examination, the cornea showed uptake. What is the initial treatment recommended for this patient’s condition?
A 68-year-old woman visits the general practice clinic with complaints of itchy eyes and crusting on the eyelids. During examination, the upper lids near the eyelash follicles have small flakes of skin, and the eyelids are slightly swollen.
What is the most suitable initial treatment for this patient’s condition?
A 75-year-old man presents to his GP with a decline in his vision. He describes a gradual onset of dark floaters in his vision over the past few months and has recently experienced some episodes of flashing lights when outside in bright sunlight. The patient has a history of hypertension, which is managed with 5mg ramipril daily. He has a smoking history of 45 pack-years, does not consume alcohol, and is able to perform his daily activities independently. What is the most probable diagnosis for this patient’s vision changes?
A 78-year-old woman visits her GP complaining of a gradual loss of vision over the past 2 years. She reports difficulty seeing objects up close, particularly at dusk and in the early morning when walking her dog. Amsler grid testing reveals distorted line perception. The patient has a history of osteoarthritis in her knees, which she treats with paracetamol as needed. What is the probable observation on fundoscopy?
A 28-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of decreased vision in his left eye. He reports that he first noticed it approximately 4 hours ago and is experiencing pain, particularly when he moves his eye. Additionally, he notes that everything appears to be a strange color.
During the examination, the swinging light test reveals normal constriction of both pupils when the light is directed into the right eye. However, when the light is directed into the left eye, there is a reduced constriction of both pupils.
What is the most common disease that could be causing this man’s symptoms?
A 27-year-old female patient complains of a painful and red left eye that has been bothering her for a day. She reports continuous tearing from the affected eye and experiences photophobia. Upon examination, fluorescein staining reveals a small, feathery area of abnormal uptake. However, her visual acuity is 6/6 in both eyes. What is the best course of action for management?
A 35-year-old Arabic woman visits the GP clinic complaining of vision issues. She reports experiencing increasing haziness in both eyes for the past 2 years. Upon further inquiry, she discloses a history of recurrent tetany and seizures. During fundoscopy, you observe a lack of red reflex in both eyes. Additionally, both Chvostek sign and Trousseau sign are positive. She has no significant medical history and is not taking any medications. Her blood test results are as follows:
HbA1c 40 mmol/mol
What is the probable cause of her visual problem?