A 28-year-old male patient visits his GP with complaints of progressive tunnel vision and difficulty seeing at night for the past year. He recalls his grandfather experiencing similar symptoms but is unsure of the cause. During fundus examination, bone-spicule pigmentation is observed in the peripheral retina. What is the probable diagnosis?
You are a foundation doctor working in general practice. You review a sixty-five-year-old gentleman with a facial rash. On examination you note a vesicular rash extending to the tip of the nose. Observations are unremarkable.
What is your primary concern?
A 60-year-old man presents with a sudden onset of vision loss in his left eye upon waking up this morning. He reports no pain in his eye. His medical history includes diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Upon fundoscopic examination, the right eye appears normal, but the left eye shows multiple retinal haemorrhages. What is the most probable diagnosis?
A 57-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of a sudden onset of vision loss in her left eye. She reports no pain associated with the loss of vision. The patient explains that the loss of vision began as a dense shadow that started at the edges of her vision and moved towards the centre. She has a history of myopia and wears corrective glasses but has no other significant medical history. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 15-year-old boy presents with a history of seasonal ‘watering eyes’ for the past 2 years. His symptoms have worsened this year. He complains of bilateral itchy eyes and difficulty in doing school work due to excessive tearing. There is no history of nasal symptoms, asthma or eczema. On examination, there is conjunctival redness, bulging tarsal conjunctivae and mild eyelid swelling. What is the initial management approach for this patient?
What is the most frequent ocular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, typically seen in patients of all ages?
A 65-year-old man presents to the ophthalmology clinic with a complaint of gradual vision loss. During tonometry, his intraocular pressure is found to be 26mmHg and optic disc cupping is observed on fundoscopy. Visual field examination reveals peripheral visual loss. The physician prescribes timolol eye drops to be used twice daily. What is the mechanism of action of this medication?
A 25-year-old female patient complains of red, itchy, and sore eyelids with crusts on the eyelashes and a gritty feeling in both eyes. What is the primary treatment for this condition?
A 5-year-old girl presented to the eye clinic with swollen and red upper and lower eyelids on her right eye. Upon further examination, it was found that she had decreased visual acuity, conjunctival hyperaemia, mild proptosis, and pain during eye movements. The mother reported that the girl had a severe cold for a week before the onset of these symptoms. What is the most probable diagnosis for this girl?
A 50-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of left eye pain, headache, and blurred vision that started 3 hours ago. He denies any history of eye disease or trauma.
During the examination, the left eye appears red and watery, while the right pupil reacts normally to light, but the left pupil remains dilated and unresponsive.
What is the probable diagnosis?