As a junior doctor on the postnatal ward, you perform a newborn examination on a twelve-hour-old baby delivered vaginally. During the examination, you observe a scalp swelling that has poorly defined margins and crosses suture lines. The swelling is soft and pitted on pressure. The mother reports that the swelling has been present since birth. What is the probable diagnosis?
You are a senior doctor in the paediatrics department. A fifteen year-old whose parents are devout Jehovah’s witnesses requires a blood transfusion. Both parents state that they do not wish their child to have a potentially life saving transfusion. The fifteen year-old herself understands the risks and benefits of a transfusion and wishes to have the transfusion regardless.
Which of the following is correct?
A newborn is delivered at term via vaginal delivery with no complications, however she is not showing signs of breathing at one minute. Her heart rate is >110bpm, but she is floppy and has a blue colouration. What is the most appropriate next step?
At what age is it likely that the refugee’s hip condition began to develop, given the severe flattening and fragmentation of the right femoral head and widened joint space in the left hip joint seen on the hip radiograph during his first routine check-up at the age of 30?
A boy of 7 presents with a unilateral painless limp. Examination shows limitation of rotation and extension at the affected hip joint, and a radiograph shows a dense flattened and fragmented femoral head on the affected side.
Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
A 9-year-old boy is presented to the GP by his mother due to the development of a limp. The mother noticed that his left hip was sore and stiff about a month ago. The pain has gradually worsened, making it difficult for the boy to walk and causing significant discomfort. The boy has a normal developmental history and is otherwise healthy. What is the probable underlying cause of his symptoms?
A young girl from a nomadic group has been diagnosed with measles. What is the potential immediate complication she may face following the initial infection?
A 6-day-old boy is brought to his General Practitioner by his mother, who has noticed a yellow tinge to his sclera and skin. He is being breastfed. He is otherwise well and had a normal newborn blood-spot test.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Department by his mother with complaints of right iliac fossa pain for the past two days. He has no previous medical history except for a cough and sore throat in the last week. He has had a high fever for the past two days and has lost his appetite but denies any other symptoms.
On examination, his temperature is 38.9 °C, and his pulse is 130 beats per minute. Bilateral enlarged submandibular and cervical lymph nodes are palpable and slightly tender. Chest examination is clear, with transmitted sounds from the upper airways. Abdominal examination reveals marked tenderness in the right iliac fossa with no guarding.
Urine dipstick reveals 2+ of ketones and 1+ of protein.
Blood test results for his full blood count (FBC) are as follows:
Investigation Result Normal value
Haemoglobin (Hb) 145 g/l 135–175 g/l
White cell count (WCC) 14.3 × 109/ 4.0–11.0 × 109/l
Platelets (PLT) 425 × 109/l 150–400 × 109/l
What is the most likely clinical diagnosis for this 6-year-old boy?
A 28-year-old woman who is 20 weeks pregnant visits the GP clinic to inquire about the whooping cough vaccine. She mentions that her friend, who also sees the same GP, received the vaccine at 32 weeks of pregnancy. She wants to know if she can get the vaccine at this stage of her pregnancy.