A 30-year-old female patient visits the GP clinic with a tiny lump in her right breast. Upon examination, a smooth fluctuant lump is found in the right upper quadrant of the breast. The patient is referred to the breast clinic for an ultrasound scan, which reveals a 2cm cyst in the right upper quadrant of the breast. What is the most suitable course of action for management?
A 67-year-old woman presents to the breast clinic with a complaint of a palpable mass in her left breast. The diagnostic mammogram shows a spiculated mass measuring 2.1 cm. Ultrasound detects a hypoechoic mass measuring 2.1 cm x 1.3 cm x 1.1 cm. Biopsy reveals a well-differentiated mucinous carcinoma which is negative for ER and HER2. The recommended course of treatment to prevent recurrence in this patient is:
A 32-year-old woman visits her GP with a breast lump. The lump is painless and she reports first noticing it 3 weeks ago. During examination, a hard, non-mobile lump measuring 2cm x 2cm is detected in the upper, outer quadrant of her right breast. What is the best course of action?
A 63-year-old patient presents for follow-up. He underwent aortic valve replacement with a prosthetic valve five years ago and is currently on warfarin therapy. He has been experiencing fatigue for the past three months and a recent full blood count revealed the following results: Hb 10.3 g/dl, MCV 68 fl, Plt 356 * 109/l, and WBC 5.2 * 109/l. The blood film showed hypochromia and his INR was 3.0. An upper GI endoscopy was performed and was reported as normal. What would be the most appropriate next step in investigating this patient’s condition?
A 28-year-old woman visits her GP with concerns about a lump in her breast that she discovered three weeks ago. The lump is causing discomfort when she wears a bra. During the examination, the doctor detects a 4 cm, non-tethered, and firm lump in the upper left quadrant of her right breast. The surface and contour are smooth, the skin is intact, and it does not transilluminate. The doctor refers her for a triple assessment, which confirms that she has a fibroadenoma. What is the next step in her treatment plan?
A 56-year-old man who comes to see you concerned about prostate cancer. You perform a digital rectal exam which reveals an enlarged, firm and irregular prostate. What would be the best course of action for management?
A 67-year-old woman presents to the breast clinic with an abnormal mammogram and a small fixed lump in her right breast. What type of breast cancer is most frequently encountered?
A 50-year-old woman comes to her GP with bloody discharge from her left nipple. She is extremely worried as she has discovered a small lump on the same breast while examining it after noticing the discharge. She has no medical history and does not take any regular medication. She mentions that her sister had breast cancer a few years ago. She denies any injury to the area. She has never given birth and still has regular periods. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 42-year-old woman is found to have breast cancer. She has no significant medical history, is premenopausal, and has no family history of breast or ovarian cancer. The cancer is in its early stages and she undergoes a wide-local excision followed by whole-breast radiotherapy. The pathology report reveals that the tumour is positive for oestrogen receptors but negative for HER2. What is the most probable adjuvant treatment that she will be recommended?
A 27-year-old woman with a BMI of 34 kg/m² presents to your GP clinic with a small lump in her right breast. She is worried about the possibility of breast cancer, although she has noticed that the lump has decreased in size over the past two weeks. She denies any direct injury but mentions playing rugby recently. There is no family history of breast or gynaecological cancer. On examination, a small, firm, poorly mobile lump is found in the lower quadrant of the right breast.
What is the most probable diagnosis?