A 57-year-old woman with a long history of sun exposure presents to the accident and emergency department after a fracture of her right femur associated with a minor fall. On reviewing the films with the on-call radiographer you are concerned about a lytic lesion possibly being related to the fracture.
Which of the following primary tumours most commonly metastasises to bone?
Among the following groups of malignant tumours, which one is known for frequently metastasizing to bone?
In the UK, which malignancy is most frequently diagnosed in women?
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Department in December because, for the past three days, he has had a high fever (up to 40 °C), vomiting and night sweats. For the last four weeks, he has been lethargic and has sweated through his pyjamas almost every night. He has had several nosebleeds in this time period, which his parents attributed to dry air from the heater. He has also been complaining that his back hurts.
On examination, his temperature is 39.5 °C, his heart rate 140 beats per minute, his blood pressure is 80/60 mmHg and his respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute. He appears acutely ill, and you notice small petechiae on his abdomen.
Which one of the following would an examination of peripheral lymphocytes most likely show?
A 28-year-old woman visits her GP because she is worried about her ability to conceive. She has experienced three miscarriages in the past five years and has also had an unprovoked deep vein thrombosis. The GP orders various blood tests and suspects that one of them may show a positive result for a potential cause of her issues.
Which of the following antibody tests is the most likely to be positive? Choose only ONE option.
A 25-year-old female student attends the blood transfusion service wishing to donate blood. She is currently well, has never had a serious illness and weighs 60 kg. About three months ago she spent the summer doing voluntary work in Nigeria. She also had her ears pierced three years ago and had a tattoo put on her left arm one year ago. She is not acceptable as a donor.
Which of the following is the reason for her rejection to donate blood in the UK?
A 72-year-old man presents to the Nephrology Clinic with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 3 ml/min/1.73 m2. He is already undergoing renal replacement therapy. He also presents with worsening anaemia.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A patient underwent an 80-cm ileum resection for Crohn’s disease 2 years ago. She now presents with anaemia. Her haemoglobin is 88 g/l (female – 120–160 g/l) and mean corpuscular haemoglobin (Mean Corpuscular Volume) 105 fl/red cell (normal 80-96 fl/red cell.
Which of the following is the most likely cause?
A 68-year-old man presents with complaints of weight loss and fatigue that have been ongoing for several months. Upon examination, the only notable finding is pallor. A blood film reveals the presence of immature blasts, and genetic testing shows the presence of a chromosomal translocation t(9;22) – the Philadelphia chromosome. Further investigations reveal the following results: Hb of 95 g/l (normal range: 135-175 g/l), leukocytes of 62 × 109/l (normal range: 4.0-11.0 × 109/l), and PLT of 101 × 109/l (normal range: 150-400 × 109/l). What is the most likely diagnosis?
A 68-year-old man who is a heavy smoker presents to his General Practitioner with shortness of breath and facial flushing.
On examination, you notice some facial swelling. You suspect a bronchial neoplasm with potential superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO) as a consequence of this.
Which of the following signs is most likely to be seen in this patient?