A 45-year-old female patient visits the clinic and expresses concern about breast cancer screening. She is anxious because her sister was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. She wants to know if she should undergo breast cancer screening. The patient is in good health and has no other family history.
What is the best course of action to take next?
A 30-year-old woman visits her GP clinic as her sister was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. She is worried about her own risk and is considering genetic testing. However, there is no other history of breast cancer in the family. What specific information should lead to a referral to a breast specialist?
A 38-year-old female patient comes to the clinic and inquires about breast cancer screening. She mentions that her mother was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Upon further inquiry, she reveals that her aunt (on her mother’s side) had ovarian cancer and her uncle (on her father’s side) had colorectal cancer. What is the next course of action in managing this patient?
A 32-year-old female presents with a purpuric rash on the back of her legs, frequent nose bleeds, and menorrhagia. She is currently taking Microgynon 30. A full blood count reveals Hb of 11.7 g/dl, platelets of 62 * 109/l, and WCC of 5.3 * 109/l. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 32-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his physician due to bone pain, weakness, and splenomegaly. He has been experiencing increasing fatigue and weakness while performing his daily tasks over the past few weeks. During the examination, he appears extremely pale and has petechiae on his lower limbs. After a bone marrow sample is taken, he is diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APML). What is the most probable finding on his blood film?
A 25-year-old man with sickle cell anaemia complains of fatigue, paleness and a headache. Laboratory findings reveal Hb of 66 g/L and reticulocytes of 0.8%. The patient is suspected to have contracted parvovirus. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 29-year-old female of Afro-Caribbean descent visits the oncology clinic after being referred by her primary care physician. She has observed some painless, asymmetrical lymphadenopathy lumps on her neck. She reports experiencing more night sweats lately and has noticed some discomfort when consuming alcohol.
What characteristic is linked to a negative prognosis for the most probable diagnosis?
A 65-year-old woman is diagnosed with a DVT 2 weeks after undergoing a hip replacement surgery, despite being on prophylactic dose LMWH. She has a history of osteoarthritis but no other significant medical history. The treatment for her DVT is started with LMWH. What is the best anticoagulation plan for her?
A 65-year-old man with a history of depression and lumbar spinal stenosis presents with a swollen and painful left calf. He is evaluated in the DVT clinic and a raised D-dimer is detected. A Doppler scan reveals a proximal deep vein thrombosis. Despite being active and feeling well, the patient has not undergone any recent surgeries or been immobile for an extended period. As a result, he is initiated on a direct oral anticoagulant. What is the optimal duration of treatment?
A 70-year-old man with a 12-year history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease presents with dysphagia. Upon endoscopy, an obstructive lesion is observed that is highly suspicious of oesophageal cancer. What is the expected result of the biopsy?