A 50-year-old man visits the Gastroenterology Clinic with concerns about his tongue. He has noticed unusual patterns on his tongue that have been present for a while, but he is worried about tongue cancer as he has been a heavy smoker for the past 20 years. What is the most suitable initial management option for this patient?
A 35-year-old woman with indigestion has been taking her friend’s omeprazole for the past week, which has improved her symptoms. You want to check for the presence of Helicobacter pylori by using a stool antigen test (SAT) or a carbon-13-labelled urea breath test (UBT). What is the recommended waiting period after stopping a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) before conducting these tests?
A 30-year-old woman complains of bloating and abdominal pain that has been ongoing for the past 6 months. Which of the following symptoms is not typically associated with a diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome?
A 50-year-old obese man with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents at the clinic for a review. He is currently asymptomatic but his recent annual blood tests have shown slightly abnormal liver function tests. The results are as follows:
– Bilirubin: 20 µmol/L (3 – 17)
– ALP: 104 u/L (30 – 100)
– ALT: 53 u/L (3 – 40)
– γGT: 58 u/L (8 – 60)
– Albumin: 38 g/L (35 – 50)
A liver ultrasound was conducted and reported fatty changes. All other standard liver screen bloods, including viral serology, are normal. The patient’s alcoholic intake is within recommended limits. What is the most appropriate next test to perform?
Which of the following causes of diarrhea has the briefest incubation period?
A woman presents with severe vomiting. She reports not being able to keep fluids down for the past 12 hours. You suspect a diagnosis of gastroenteritis and on discussing possible causes she mentions reheating curry with rice the night before. What is the most likely causative organism?
Which of the following causes of gastroenteritis has the lengthiest incubation period?
What is the most frequent reason for hepatocellular carcinoma in the UK, particularly among older adults?
A 54-year-old diabetic patient visits your clinic with a complaint of painless difficulty in swallowing that has been ongoing for the past two months. The patient reports that the difficulty has been getting worse, but is unsure if there has been any weight loss. On examination, there are no notable findings.
What would be your next course of action considering the possible diagnoses?
A 28-year-old man with a history of moderate ulcerative colitis and taking mesalazine presents with a fever and sore throat for the past week. What is the primary investigation that needs to be done initially?