A 60-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with a chief complaint of severe itching following his shower. The patient reports that this has been ongoing for approximately two months and has not improved. His medical history is significant for a previous deep vein thrombosis in his left leg three years ago and an episode of gout in his right hallux six years ago. What is the most probable diagnosis for this patient?
A 42-year-old woman who is six weeks pregnant presents to the Cardiovascular Clinic with a swollen right leg. Doppler studies confirm a deep vein thrombosis (DVT). She has no signs or symptoms of a pulmonary embolism (PE) and is haemodynamically stable. What is the most appropriate management choice in this case?
A 45-year-old woman is admitted with chronic congestive heart failure.
Based on this history, what is the most important factor to consider when prescribing medication for this patient?
A 30-year-old woman expecting her second child and who is 28 weeks pregnant is referred to the Obstetric Unit with symptoms of headache, blurred vision and nausea.
On examination, her blood pressure (BP) is 160/110 mmHg; her antenatal diary shows consistent systolic readings of 115/125 mmHg and consistent diastolic readings of < 85 mmHg. Her urine dip shows proteinuria.
What is the most appropriate first-line treatment for this patient?
A 72-year-old man with a history of atrial fibrillation and essential hypertension visits his GP for a routine blood pressure check. His blood pressure reading is 152/92 and he wants to know if there are any other ways to reduce his risk of stroke. He is not currently taking any medication.
What is the most suitable treatment advice to give him?
A 48-year-old woman of Afro-Caribbean origin presents to her General Practitioner for a hypertension review. She has been taking 8 mg of perindopril per day for the last three years. Her average home blood pressure (BP) readings are 150/92 mmHg.
On examination, she is obese, with a body mass index of 33 kg/m2. On investigation, her renal function is normal, as is urine dipstick testing. There is no evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy on the electrocardiogram. She is not diabetic.
What is the most appropriate next step in this patient’s management?
Select the SINGLE most appropriate option from the list below.
Select ONE option only.
You are urgently called to the ward where you encounter a 54-year-old woman in ventricular tachycardia. The patient had a syncopal episode while walking to the restroom with nursing staff and currently has a blood pressure (BP) of 85/56 mmHg. Although she is oriented to time, place, and person, she is experiencing dizziness. What is the most suitable approach to managing this patient’s ventricular tachycardia?
A 55-year-old man is found to have an irregularly, irregular pulse during a routine check-up. An ECG reveals absent P waves and irregular R-R intervals. The patient has moderate renal impairment.
What is the most appropriate treatment option?
An 82-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department after experiencing a blackout while shopping. Upon examination, she appears alert and oriented, and her vital signs are stable. Her CBG level is 5.8 mmol/l, and her pulse is irregular with a low volume at 89 beats per minute. Her blood pressure is 145/120 mmHg while lying and standing. There is no raised jugular venous pressure, and her apex beat is forceful but undisplaced. Heart sounds reveal a soft S2 and a soft ejection systolic murmur loudest in the right second intercostal space, with a possible fourth heart sound heard. Chest examination reveals occasional bibasal crackles that clear with coughing, and there is no peripheral edema. Based on these findings, what is the most likely cause of her collapse?
Which of the following tests would be most beneficial in diagnosing heart failure?