A 48-year-old man comes to the General Practitioner complaining of feeling dizzy and experiencing shortness of breath during physical activity. He has a bicuspid aortic valve and is waiting for valve replacement surgery.
Which of the following murmurs would be the most likely to occur in this patient?
A 59-year-old man comes to his General Practitioner complaining of severe dizziness, double vision and tinnitus whenever he lifts weights. He is a non-smoker and is in good health otherwise. During the examination, there is a difference of 35 mmHg between the systolic blood pressure (BP) in his left and right arms. His cardiovascular examination is otherwise unremarkable. His neurological examination is also normal.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
A 45-year-old woman is recuperating in the hospital after a coronary angiogram for unstable angina. Two days after the procedure, she reports experiencing intense pain in her left foot. Upon examination, her left lower limb peripheral pulses are normal. There is tissue loss on the medial three toes on the left foot and an area of livedo reticularis on the same foot.
What is the most probable diagnosis?
Left bundle branch block is associated with which one of the following conditions?
A 35-year-old woman is found to have a shortened QT interval on her ECG. Which medication is the most likely cause?
A geriatric patient presents with chronic heart failure.
Which of the following drugs should be used as a first-line treatment for heart failure?
A 42-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department (ED) with a history of fainting. He reports feeling lightheaded while jogging. His father recently passed away suddenly due to a heart condition. Upon examination, he has an irregular pulse, a forceful cardiac impulse, and a mid-systolic murmur.
What is the most probable diagnosis? Choose the ONE best option from the list below.
A 50-year-old woman presented to her GP with a 3-week history of fatigue, fever and muscle aches. A new murmur was detected in the mitral area.
Which of the following is the most suitable initial investigation?
A 60-year-old man with a history of high blood pressure and high cholesterol presents to the Emergency Department with occasional episodes of chest pain, lasting only for a few minutes. This occurs while at rest and is accompanied by palpitations. He is currently stable, with a blood pressure of 140/95 mmHg, oxygen saturation of 98% and a heart rate of 160 bpm. An electrocardiogram (ECG) is done which shows no P waves, with regular narrow QRS complexes interspersed along a saw-tooth baseline. Vagal manoeuvres have failed and three boluses of adenosine fail to control the arrhythmia.
Given the likely diagnosis, which of the following treatments is indicated?
Select the SINGLE best treatment option from the list below.
You are asked by the nursing staff to review an elderly patient in recovery overnight. As you arrive, the nurse looking after the patient informs you that she is just going to get a bag of fluid for him.
On examination, the patient is unresponsive with an obstructed airway (snoring). You notice on the monitor that his heart rate is 33 beats per minute (bpm) and blood pressure 89/60 mmHg. His saturation probe has fallen off.
What is the most appropriate immediate management option?