A 38-year-old man presents with left-sided pleuritic chest pain and a dry cough. He reports that the pain is alleviated by sitting forward and has been experiencing flu-like symptoms for the past two days. What is the expected ECG finding for a diagnosis of acute pericarditis?
You are urgently requested to assess a 62-year-old female patient admitted to the cardiology ward with complaints of breathing difficulty. During the examination, you observe a raised JVP and bilateral fine crackles to the mid zones. The patient’s blood pressure is 100/60 mmHg, and the pulse is irregular and ranges between 140-150. An ECG confirms atrial fibrillation, and there is no prior history of the condition in the patient’s notes or previous ECGs. What is the most appropriate course of action for managing this patient?
A 25-year-old woman arrives at the Emergency Department accompanied by a colleague from work. She complains of experiencing a ‘fluttering’ sensation in her chest for the past 30 minutes. Although she admits to feeling ‘a bit faint,’ she denies any chest pain or difficulty breathing. Upon conducting an ECG, the results show a regular tachycardia of 166 bpm with a QRS duration of 110 ms. Her blood pressure is 102/68 mmHg, and her oxygen saturation levels are at 99% on room air. What is the most appropriate course of action?
A 65-year-old man presents with palpitations and is found to have a regular, monomorphic, broad complex tachycardia on cardiac monitoring. He has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has undergone percutaneous coronary intervention for his left anterior descending, right coronary, and circumflex arteries. Physical examination is unremarkable except for tachycardia, and there are no signs of myocardial ischemia on a 12-lead electrocardiogram. Which of the following management options should be avoided in this case?
A 72-year-old man is being evaluated after being diagnosed with atrial fibrillation during his recent hospitalization. He has a history of mitral stenosis and takes ramipril for hypertension. He was started on warfarin during his admission and was discharged with plans for follow-up in the cardiology clinic. However, he is now found to be in sinus rhythm during his current review. What is the appropriate course of action regarding anticoagulation?
A 55-year-old man comes to see his GP complaining of a dry cough that has been going on for 3 weeks. He reports no chest pain or shortness of breath, and has not experienced any unexplained weight loss. The patient has a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus that is managed through lifestyle and diet, and was recently diagnosed with hypertension and started on lisinopril. He is a non-smoker and drinks 6 units of alcohol per week. What is the best course of action for his treatment?
A 48-year-old man comes to the emergency department complaining of sudden onset chest pain. The patient has a medical history of hypertension and is currently taking ramipril. His vital signs are as follows: BP 153/90 mmHg in his right arm and 130/80 in his left arm, heart rate 89/minute, temperature 37.2ºC, respiration rate 17/minute, and oxygen saturation 98% on room air. Upon examination, the patient has absent pulses in his right leg and diminished pulses in his left leg.
What is the recommended diagnostic test for this patient’s presentation?
A 72-year-old man presents for follow-up. He was diagnosed with angina pectoris and is currently prescribed aspirin 75mg once daily, simvastatin 40 mg once daily, and atenolol 100 mg once daily. If his angina symptoms are not adequately managed with this regimen, what would be the most suitable course of action?
A 70-year-old man comes to the clinic complaining of feeling tired and having palpitations for the last few days. Upon examination, his pulse is irregularly irregular and beats at a rate of 123 bpm. His blood pressure is 128/78 mmHg and his chest is clear. An ECG confirms that he has atrial fibrillation. What medication should be prescribed to manage his heart rate?
An 80-year-old woman is brought to the Emergency Department by her family. She has been experiencing increasing shortness of breath and low energy levels for the past 6 weeks. Upon arrival, an ECG reveals atrial fibrillation with a heart rate of 114 / min. Her blood pressure is 128/80 mmHg and a chest x-ray shows no abnormalities. What medication is recommended for controlling her heart rate?