Diabetic nephropathy is a kidney disease caused by damage to the capillaries in the kidneys’ glomeruli, characterized by nephrotic syndrome and diffuse scarring of the glomeruli. Kimmelstiel-Wilson nodules and glomerulosclerosis are characteristic findings on microscopy. Other types of glomerulonephritis have different features, such as focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, Lisch nodules, membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis, and membranous glomerulonephritis.

Characteristics of Malignant Cells

Malignant cells possess distinct features that differentiate them from normal cells. These characteristics include an increased nuclear size, which results in an increased nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio. Additionally, malignant cells exhibit nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, which means that they lack cell differentiation. Another feature of malignant cells is an increased nuclear DNA content, which causes dark staining on H and E slides, also known as hyperchromatism. Prominent nucleoli or irregular chromatin distribution and the presence of mitotic figures are also common in malignant cells.

On the other hand, normal cells do not exhibit these features. They have a balanced nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, and their nuclei are uniform in size and shape. Normal cells also have a well-defined cytoplasm and exhibit cell differentiation. These characteristics are essential for the proper functioning of normal cells and maintaining the overall health of the body.

In summary, the characteristics of malignant cells are distinct from those of normal cells. these features is crucial in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.