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Question 1
Correct
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A 11 year old girl with a history of recurrent chest infections, was admitted with a fever, productive cough, anorexia and weight loss. On examination she was febrile and tachycardic. Her mother said that the girl was not thriving well. Which of the following organisms is responsible for this presentation?
Your Answer: Pseudomonas
Explanation:History of recurrent infections and failure to thrive (probably due to pancreatic enzyme insufficiency) is highly suggestive of cystic fibrosis. Pseudomonas has been identified as an important respiratory pathogen in patients with cystic fibrosis.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 2
Correct
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A 28-year-old male complained of an annular rash following an insect bite he received during a hiking trip. Which of the following is the drug of choice?
Your Answer: Doxycycline PO
Explanation:The described rash is the typical rash of erythema migrans of Lyme disease, which is treated by doxycycline PO
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 3
Correct
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An 8-week-old baby was found to have bilateral cataracts. Further investigation revealed thrombocytopenia, a patent ductus arteriosus and hepatosplenomegaly. Which of the following is the most probable diagnosis?
Your Answer: Rubella
Explanation:The clinical presentation is suggestive of congenital rubella syndrome. The classic triad of presenting symptoms includes sensorineural hearing loss, ocular abnormalities (cataract, infantile glaucoma, and pigmentary retinopathy) and congenital heart disease (patent ductus arteriosus and pulmonary artery stenosis). Other findings in congenital rubella syndrome include CNS abnormalities (mental retardation, behavioural disorders, encephalographic abnormalities, hypotonia, meningoencephalitis, and microcephaly), hepatosplenomegaly, and jaundice.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 4
Correct
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A 32 year old man notices a pruritic scaly annular rash on his thigh. He claims that the rash appeared after a walk in the park. Which drug would you suggest he starts?
Your Answer: Doxycycline
Explanation:The clinical picture of an itchy, scaly annular rash after a walk in the park suggests erythema migrans. The pathogen responsible is a spirochete, Borrelia Burgdorferi transmitted by ticks leading to Lyme disease. Doxycycline is the antibiotic of choice if no contraindications.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 5
Correct
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A 31-year-old homosexual male is complaining of recent weight loss and blurred vision. A fundoscope was performed showing retinal haemorrhage. What is the single most appropriate option?
Your Answer: HIV/AIDS
Explanation:Given the symptoms described in a 31-year-old homosexual male, along with the findings of weight loss, blurred vision, and retinal hemorrhage, the single most appropriate option to consider is HIV/AIDS.
HIV/AIDS can manifest with a wide range of symptoms, including unintentional weight loss and blurred vision. Retinal hemorrhage can also occur as a complication of HIV/AIDS, particularly in advanced stages when the immune system is severely compromised.
In this case, it’s important to conduct further diagnostic tests, including HIV testing, to confirm the diagnosis. Additionally, prompt initiation of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is crucial for managing HIV/AIDS and preventing further complications. Referral to an infectious disease specialist for comprehensive management is recommended.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 6
Correct
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A 30-year-old man has been unwell for the last 3 weeks and now developed a rash. Chickenpox is diagnosed. What is the appropriate treatment?
Your Answer: Acyclovir
Explanation:You may treat chickenpox with acyclovir if it is commenced within the first 24 hours of the rash’s appearance. Erythromycin, doxycycline, and ampicillin would not help because it’s a viral infection (Varicella) not a bacterial infection.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 7
Correct
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Which of the following is true of Koplik’s spots?
Your Answer: Are diagnostic of measles
Explanation:Koplik’s spots are pathopneumonic for MEASLES. They are blue/white spots, small, occurring on the buccal mucosa. They typically occur next to premolars, not opposite to the incisors. They are not related to fever height. They are not on the hands. They usually occur BEFORE the rash.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 8
Correct
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A 14-day-old baby presented in NICU with the signs and symptoms of hydrocephaly, seizures and chorioretinitis. Which of the following infectious agents is most probably the cause in a case like this?
Your Answer: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Explanation:CMV is a common virus in the herpesvirus family that can cause serious illness in newborns when contracted congenitally from the mother during pregnancy. Congenital CMV infection can lead to various neurological manifestations, including hydrocephaly (enlargement of the fluid-filled spaces within the brain), seizures, and chorioretinitis (inflammation of the retina in the eye). These symptoms can result in significant morbidity and long-term complications for the affected infant.
Other congenital infections such as toxoplasmosis, rubella, herpes simplex virus (HSV), and syphilis can also cause similar symptoms in newborns. However, given the presentation described, CMV is the most likely infectious agent.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 9
Correct
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Which of the following drugs is NOT used in the treatment of MRSA?
Your Answer: Ceftriaxone
Explanation:Cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone, do not cover methicillin-resistant staph aureus. They do cover some gram positives and gram negatives. Vancomycin and teicoplanin given intravenously have good coverage of MRSA and other gram positive bacteria. Rifampicin and doxycycline, although not the best treatment, can be used for outpatients if there are no systemic signs of illness.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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Question 10
Incorrect
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Which of the following vaccines do not contain live organisms?
Your Answer: Polio (Sabin)
Correct Answer: Polio (Salk)
Explanation:Live virus vaccines include: Vaccinia (smallpox), Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR combined vaccine), Varicella (chickenpox), Influenza (nasal spray), Rotavirus, Zoster (shingles) and Yellow fever. Inactivated vaccines are Polio (IPV), Hepatitis A and Rabies.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Infectious Diseases
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