-
Question 1
Correct
-
The femoral triangle is bounded medially by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Adductor longus
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by the inguinal ligament which forms the base of the triangle, medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus and laterally by the sartorius muscle.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 2
Correct
-
Question 3
Correct
-
Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in?
Your Answer: Enlargement of the pelvic cavity
Explanation:The pelvis is supported by a variety of ligaments. At term, these ligaments allow for variation in its structure such that the overall size of the pelvic cavity is increased in order to accommodate the upcoming foetus into the cavity.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 4
Correct
-
Regarding lymph drainage of the lower vagina where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Inguinal nodes
Explanation:The lower vagina drains to the inguinal nodes where as the upper vagina drains to the internal and external iliacs
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 5
Incorrect
-
Which of the following is contained within the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer: Ischiocavernosus muscle
Correct Answer: Proximal portion of urethra
Explanation:The proximal portion of urethra in females or membranous urethra in males is in the deep perineal pouch
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 6
Correct
-
You are reviewing a patient who is complaining of pain and numbness to the proximal medial thigh following abdominal hysterectomy. You suspect genitofemoral nerve injury. What spinal segment(s) is the genitofemoral nerve derived from?
Your Answer: L1,L2
Explanation:The genitofemoral nerves takes its origin from the L1 and L2 spinal segments.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 7
Correct
-
Regarding lymph drainage of the fallopian tubes where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic vessels from the ovaries, joined by vessels from the uterine tubes and most from the fundus of the uterus, follow the ovarian veins as they ascend to the right and left lumbar (caval/aortic) lymph nodes.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 8
Incorrect
-
A patient who is 36 weeks pregnant comes to see you as she has developed tingling to the right lateral thigh over the past 3 weeks. On examination there are no skin changes and no muscle weakness. What is the likely diagnosis?
Your Answer: Femoral Nerve entrapment
Correct Answer: Meralgia Paraesthetica
Explanation:Raised pressure with the pelvis can cause a number of nerve entrapment syndromes. This is entrapment of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (or lateral femoral cutaneous nerve) also known as Meralgia Paraesthetica. Pregnancy is a risk factor. Shingles can effect this nerve but the rash would usually present itself within 14days.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 9
Incorrect
-
The pelvis includes which of the following bones:
Your Answer: Ilium, ischium & pubis
Correct Answer: Ilium, ischium, pubis, sacrum & coccyx
Explanation:The pelvic skeleton is formed posteriorly (in the area of the back), by the sacrum and the coccyx and laterally and anteriorly (forward and to the sides), by a pair of hip bones. Each hip bone consists of 3 sections, ilium, ischium, and pubis.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 10
Correct
-
Which one of the following muscles is the most important muscle forming the pelvic floor?
Your Answer: Levator ani
Explanation:Levator ani muscle is composed of three different muscles i.e. iliococcygeus, pubococcygeus and the puborectalis muscle. It is the main muscle that supports the organs of the pelvic cavity.
Bulbocavernosus and Ischiocavernosus muscles are located in-between the anus and scrotum and play an important role in sexual response in males.
Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles are located in the perinium and pass in front of the anus. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 11
Correct
-
Regarding the Pituitary gland which of the following statements is true?
Your Answer: It is surrounded by the sella turcica
Explanation:The Sella turcica is composed of three parts:
1. The tuberculum sellae (horn of saddle): a variable slight to prominent median elevation forming the posterior
boundary of the prechiasmatic sulcus and the anterior boundary of the hypophysial fossa.
2. The hypophysial fossa (pituitary fossa): a median depression (seat of saddle) in the body of the sphenoid that accommodates the pituitary gland (L. hypophysis).
3. The dorsum sellae (back of saddle): a square plate of bone projecting superiorly from the body of the sphenoid.
It forms the posterior boundary of the Sella turcica, and its prominent superolateral angles make up the posterior clinoid processes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 12
Correct
-
Question 13
Correct
-
Question 14
Correct
-
Sensory supply to the clitoris is via branches of which nerve?
Your Answer: Pudendal nerve
Explanation:The Pudendal nerve divides into inferior rectal, perineal and dorsal nerve of the clitoris (or penis in males). The dorsal nerve of clitoris supplies sensory innervation to the clitoris. The perineal branch supplies sensory innervation to the skin of the labia majora and minora and the vestibule.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 15
Correct
-
Which of the following statements regarding the Vaginal artery is typically TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The Vaginal artery, like the Uterine artery is typically a branch of the Internal Iliac artery. It can sometimes arise as a branch of the Uterine artery so it is important to read the question (if the stem stated it CAN arise from the Uterine artery then that would be true)
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 16
Incorrect
-
The vulva is mainly supplied by which one of the following vessels?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal artery
Correct Answer: Pudendal artery
Explanation:Vulva is defined by the area which is located outside the female vagina and comprises of the labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, mons pubis and Bartholin glands. It is supplied by the vestibula branch of pudental artery.
Inferior hemorrhoidal artery supplies the lower part of the rectum.
Femoral artery is the continuation of external iliac artery and supplies most of the leg. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 17
Incorrect
-
Which of the following takes part in the arterial supply of the ovary?
Your Answer: Renal arteries
Correct Answer: Uterine arteries
Explanation:The ovarian arteries, arising from the abdominal aorta and the ascending uterine arteries which are branches of the internal iliac artery all supply the ovaries. They terminate by bifurcating into the ovarian and tubal branches and anastomose with the contralateral branches providing a collateral circulation.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 18
Correct
-
The external anal sphincter is innervated by which nerves?
Your Answer: Inferior rectal
Explanation:The external anal sphincter is innervated by the inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve (S2-4) while the internal anal sphincter is innervated by autonomic nerves.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 19
Incorrect
-
Which of the following leaves the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen?
Your Answer: Obturator Nerve
Correct Answer: Pudendal Nerve
Explanation:The pudendal nerve arises from the S2-S4 nerve roots and it lies medial to the internal pudendal artery while exiting the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen. It curves around the sacrospinous ligament and re-enters the pelvis via the lesser sciatic foramen and from there it runs medial to the ischial tuberosity over the obturator internus in the pudendal canal to the deep perineal pouch.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 20
Incorrect
-
Regarding lymph drainage of the breast where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Supraclavicular nodes
Correct Answer: Axillary nodes
Explanation:Lymphatic drainage of the breast.
The lateral two thirds of the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes. This constitute about 75% of the lymphatic drainage of the breast. The medial third of the breast drains into the parasternal lymph nodes and these communicate with the ipsilateral lymph nodes from the opposite breast. The superior part of the breast drains into the infraclavicular lymph nodes and inferior part drains into the diaphragmatic lymph nodes. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 21
Incorrect
-
The ureters receive autonomic supply from which spinal segments?
Your Answer: L2-L5
Correct Answer: T11-L2
Explanation:The ureters receive innervation by a number of nerve plexuses. The nerves supplying the ureters originate from spinal segments T11 to L2. When you think about ureteric colic giving classic ‘loin to groin’ pain it is because the pain is referred to these dermatomes.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 22
Correct
-
Which one of the following dimensions relates to the greatest diameter of the fetal head?
Your Answer: Occipitomental
Explanation:Occipitomental diameter is the greatest diameter of the fetal scalp and runs from chin to the prominent portion on the occiput. It measure about 12.5cm in diameter.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 23
Incorrect
-
The lower part of the rectum is supplied by the middle rectal artery. What is the middle rectal artery a branch of?
Your Answer: Internal pudendal artery
Correct Answer: Internal iliac artery
Explanation:The middle rectal artery arises from the anterior division of the internal iliac artery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 24
Incorrect
-
A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?
Your Answer: Genitofemoral
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal
Explanation:This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 25
Correct
-
Regarding the round ligament, it leaves the pelvis via which structure?
Your Answer: Deep inguinal ring
Explanation:The round ligament is a band of fibromuscular connective tissue attached to the cornua of the uterus, near the attachment of the ovaries. On each side of the body, the ligament exits the pelvis through the deep inguinal ring, travels through the inguinal canal and enters the labia majora where its fibres terminate at the mons pubis. It is also important to know the embryological origins of the round ligament from the gubernaculum.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 26
Correct
-
Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal
Explanation:The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 27
Correct
-
During vertex presentation, the position is determined by relationship of which part of the fetal vertex to the mother's pelvis?
Your Answer: Occiput
Explanation:A cephalic presentation is the one where head of the foetus enters the pelvic cavity at the time of delivery. The commonest form of cephalic presentation is the vertex presentation in which the occiput of the foetus enters the birth canal.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 28
Correct
-
Question 29
Correct
-
During the filling phase of micturition. At what bladder volume is the first urge to void felt?
Your Answer: 150ml
Explanation:Micturition is defined as a process of expelling urine from the body. It is caused by the reflex contraction of detrusor muscle. Urinary bladder is a hollow muscular organ which can store 400-600ml of urine until it is expelled from the body. The first urge to urinate is felt when the bladder is filled with around 150ml of urine. The reflex action is initiated when the stretch receptors located in the bladder wall are stimulated. The afferent fibres pass to the pelvic splanchnic nerves to the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sacral segments and some pass through the hypogastric plexus to the first and second lumbar segments of the spinal cord. Efferent pathways from the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th sacral segments leave the cords and through the splanchnic nerves and inferior hypogastric plexus supplies the smooth muscle of the bladder i.e. detrusor muscle. Detrusor muscle contracts and the sphincters are relaxed.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
-
Question 30
Correct
-
The typical female breast contains how many lobes?
Your Answer: 15-20
Explanation:The female breast is made of about 15 to 20 individual lobes. The lobules each consists of alveoli which drain into a single lactiferous duct. The ductal system leads to lactiferous sinuses and collecting ducts which expel milk from openings in the nipple.
-
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
-
SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
