The management of anaphylaxis involves several important steps. First and foremost, it is crucial to ensure proper airway management. Additionally, early administration of adrenaline is essential, preferably in the anterolateral aspect of the middle third of the thigh. Aggressive fluid resuscitation is also necessary. In severe cases, intubation may be required. However, it is important to note that the administration of chlorpheniramine and hydrocortisone should only be considered after early resuscitation has taken place.

Adrenaline is the most vital medication for treating anaphylactic reactions. It acts as an alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, which helps reverse peripheral vasodilatation and reduce oedema. Furthermore, its beta-adrenergic effects aid in dilating the bronchial airways, increasing the force of myocardial contraction, and suppressing histamine and leukotriene release. Administering adrenaline as the first drug is crucial, and the intramuscular (IM) route is generally the most effective for most individuals.

The recommended doses of IM adrenaline for different age groups during anaphylaxis are as follows:

– Children under 6 years: 150 mcg (0.15 mL of 1:1000)
– Children aged 6-12 years: 300 mcg (0.3 mL of 1:1000)
– Children older than 12 years: 500 mcg (0.5 mL of 1:1000)
– Adults: 500 mcg (0.5 mL of 1:1000)

The connection between latex sensitivity and food allergy is commonly known as the latex-fruit syndrome. Foods that have been found to be allergenic in relation to latex are categorized into high, moderate, or low risk groups.

High risk foods include banana, avocado, chestnut, and kiwi fruit.

Moderate risk foods include apple, carrot, celery, melon, papaya, potato, and tomato.

Citrus fruits and pears are considered to have a low risk of causing allergic reactions in individuals with latex sensitivity.

Type I hypersensitivity reactions, also known as allergic reactions, are triggered when a person is exposed again to a particular antigen, which is referred to as the allergen. These reactions are mediated by IgE and typically manifest within 15 to 30 minutes after exposure to the allergen. One common symptom of a type I hypersensitivity reaction is the rapid onset of a urticarial rash, which occurs shortly after coming into contact with the allergen, such as latex.

Urticaria is a condition characterized by a raised, itchy rash on the skin and mucous membranes. It can be localized or widespread and affects about 15% of people at some point in their lives. There are two forms of urticaria: acute and chronic, with the acute form being more common.

In about 50% of cases of acute urticaria, a specific trigger can be identified. Common triggers include allergies (such as foods, bites, stings, and drugs), skin contact with irritants (like chemicals, nettles, and latex), physical stimuli (such as firm rubbing, pressure, and extremes of temperature), and viral infections.

The main skin lesion seen in urticaria is called a wheal or wheel. Wheals typically have three characteristics: a central swelling that can be red or white in color, surrounded by a red area (known as the flare), and they are usually very itchy, sometimes accompanied by a burning sensation. Wheals are temporary and usually disappear within 1 to 24 hours, returning the skin to its normal appearance.

Wheals can vary in size, ranging from a few millimeters to lesions as large as 10 cm in diameter. They can appear as single lesions or multiple ones, and sometimes they merge together to form large patches. In some cases, urticaria can also cause swelling of the soft tissues in the eyelids, lips, and tongue, known as angioedema.