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  • Question 1 - A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Correct

    • A 36-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto his back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that he has pain on hip extension, but normal hip abduction. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Gluteus maximus

      Explanation:

      The primary hip extensors are the gluteus maximus and the hamstrings such as the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The extensor head of the adductor magnus is also considered a primary hip extensor.The hip abductor muscle group is located on the lateral thigh. The primary hip abductor muscles include the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.The secondary hip abductors include the piriformis, sartorius, and superior fibres of the gluteus maximus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      23.6
      Seconds

  • Question 2 - A 55 year old man presents to ED complaining of leg weakness. Your...

    Incorrect

    • A 55 year old man presents to ED complaining of leg weakness. Your colleague has examined the patient and suspects femoral nerve palsy. Which of the following clinical features would you LEAST expect to see on examination of this patient:

      Your Answer: Loss of sensation over medial leg and foot

      Correct Answer: Weakness of hip extension

      Explanation:

      Damage to the femoral nerve results in weakness of hip flexion and knee extension and loss of sensation over the anterior thigh and the anteromedial knee, medial leg and medial foot.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      22.7
      Seconds

  • Question 3 - A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Incorrect

    • A 42-year-old man presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto his back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that he has pain on hip adduction, but normal hip flexion. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Psoas major

      Correct Answer: Pectineus

      Explanation:

      The hip adductors are a group of five muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh. These muscles are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.The hip flexors consist of 5 key muscles that contribute to hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, and sartorius.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      14.8
      Seconds

  • Question 4 - The most important nerves for inversion of the foot are: ...

    Incorrect

    • The most important nerves for inversion of the foot are:

      Your Answer: Deep fibular and superficial fibular nerve

      Correct Answer: Tibial and deep fibular nerve

      Explanation:

      Inversion of the foot is achieved by the tibialis anterior which is innervated by the deep fibular nerves, and the tibialis posterior muscles which is innervated by the tibial nerve respectively.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      31.3
      Seconds

  • Question 5 - Which of the following muscles inserts into the patella? ...

    Correct

    • Which of the following muscles inserts into the patella?

      Your Answer: The quadriceps femoris complex

      Explanation:

      The quadriceps femoris muscle translates to “four-headed muscle” from Latin. It bears this name because it consists of four individual muscles; rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and vastus intermedius. Out of all four muscles, only the rectus femoris crosses both the hip and knee joints. The others cross only the knee joint. These muscles differ in their origin, but share a common quadriceps femoris tendon which inserts into the patella. The function of the quadriceps femoris muscle is to extend the leg at the knee joint and to flex the thigh at the hip joint.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      10.6
      Seconds

  • Question 6 - A 26-year-old athlete presents with buttock pain after tearing his gluteus maximus muscle.Which...

    Incorrect

    • A 26-year-old athlete presents with buttock pain after tearing his gluteus maximus muscle.Which of the following is NOT an action of the gluteus maximus muscle? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Raising the trunk from a flexed position

      Correct Answer: Hip abduction

      Explanation:

      Gluteus maximus is the main extensor muscle of the hip and assists with lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint. It also acts as a hip adductor, steadies the thigh, and assists in raising the trunk from a flexed position.Gluteus maximus is innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      37.3
      Seconds

  • Question 7 - A 30-year-old man presents with piriformis syndrome pain, tingling, and numbness in her...

    Incorrect

    • A 30-year-old man presents with piriformis syndrome pain, tingling, and numbness in her buttocks. He noted that the pain gets worse upon sitting down. He was seen by a physiotherapist and a diagnosis of piriformis syndrome was made.Which of the following nerves becomes irritated in piriformis syndrome?

      Your Answer: Nerve to piriformis

      Correct Answer: Sciatic nerve

      Explanation:

      Piriformis syndrome is a clinical condition of sciatic nerve entrapment at the level of the ischial tuberosity. While there are multiple factors potentially contributing to piriformis syndrome, the clinical presentation is fairly consistent, with patients often reporting pain in the gluteal/buttock region that may shoot, burn or ache down the back of the leg (i.e. sciatic-like pain). In addition, numbness in the buttocks and tingling sensations along the distribution of the sciatic nerve is not uncommon. The sciatic nerve runs just adjacent to the piriformis muscle, which functions as an external rotator of the hip. Hence, whenever the piriformis muscle is irritated or inflamed, it also affects the sciatic nerve, which then results in sciatica-like pain.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      24.3
      Seconds

  • Question 8 - Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:...

    Correct

    • Which of the following nerves is most important for eversion of the foot:

      Your Answer: Superficial fibular nerve

      Explanation:

      Eversion of the foot is primarily produced by the fibularis longus and fibularis brevis, both innervated by the superficial fibular nerve. The fibularis tertius, innervated by the deep fibular nerve, also assists in this action.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      21.5
      Seconds

  • Question 9 - A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Incorrect

    • A 43-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto her back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that she has pain on hip abduction, but normal hip extension. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Gluteus maximus

      Correct Answer: Gluteus medius

      Explanation:

      The primary hip extensors are the gluteus maximus and the hamstrings such as the long head of the biceps femoris, the semitendinosus, and the semimembranosus. The extensor head of the adductor magnus is also considered a primary hip extensor.The hip abductor muscle group is located on the lateral thigh. The primary hip abductor muscles include the gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, and tensor fasciae latae.The secondary hip abductors include the piriformis, sartorius, and superior fibres of the gluteus maximus.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      19.2
      Seconds

  • Question 10 - A patient suffers an injury to his thigh that damages the nerve that...

    Correct

    • A patient suffers an injury to his thigh that damages the nerve that innervates pectineus.Which of the following nerves has been damaged in this case? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve. It may also receive a branch from the obturator nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      5.4
      Seconds

  • Question 11 - You are examining the lower limbs of a 54 year old man who...

    Incorrect

    • You are examining the lower limbs of a 54 year old man who presented after falling from a ladder at home. During your neurological assessment you note a weakness of hip flexion. Which of the following nerves is the most important for flexion of the thigh at the hip joint:

      Your Answer: Superior gluteal nerve

      Correct Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Flexion of the thigh at the hip joint is produced by the sartorius, psoas major, iliacus and pectineus muscles, assisted by the rectus femoris muscle, all innervated by the femoral nerve (except for the psoas major, innervated by the anterior rami of L1 – 3).

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      28.4
      Seconds

  • Question 12 - A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping...

    Correct

    • A 38-year-old woman presented to the emergency room after an incident of slipping and falling onto her back and left hip. Upon physical examination, it was noted that she has pain on hip flexion, but normal hip adduction. Which of the following muscles was most likely injured in this case?

      Your Answer: Sartorius

      Explanation:

      The hip adductors are a group of five muscles located in the medial compartment of the thigh. These muscles are the adductor longus, adductor brevis, adductor magnus, gracilis, and pectineus.The hip flexors consist of 5 key muscles that contribute to hip flexion: iliacus, psoas, pectineus, rectus femoris, and sartorius.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      1.9
      Seconds

  • Question 13 - A 25-year-old footballer develops pain and stiffness in his thigh. A diagnosis of...

    Correct

    • A 25-year-old footballer develops pain and stiffness in his thigh. A diagnosis of iliopsoas syndrome is made.Iliacus is innervated by which of the following nerves? Select ONE answer only.

      Your Answer: Femoral nerve

      Explanation:

      Iliacus is innervated by the femoral nerve.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      1.7
      Seconds

  • Question 14 - Superficial fibular nerve palsy results in which of the following clinical features: ...

    Correct

    • Superficial fibular nerve palsy results in which of the following clinical features:

      Your Answer: Loss of eversion of the foot

      Explanation:

      Damage to the superficial fibular nerve results in loss of eversion of the foot and loss of sensation over the lower anterolateral leg and the dorsum of the foot.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Anatomy
      • Lower Limb
      133.2
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Anatomy (7/14) 50%
Lower Limb (7/14) 50%
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