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  • Question 1 - A 6-year-old boy with fever and malaise for 2 days recently developed bloody...

    Correct

    • A 6-year-old boy with fever and malaise for 2 days recently developed bloody diarrhoea. What is the most probable aetiology?

      Your Answer: Escherichia coli 0157

      Explanation:

      The most likely organism is enterohemorrhagic verotoxin-producing E.coli. It usually causes haemolytic uremic syndrome.
      Crohn’s disease rarely manifests in an acute manner.
      Polio and giardiasis usually manifest with non-bloody diarrhoea.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Infectious Diseases
      57.3
      Seconds
  • Question 2 - A 60-year-old male is under treatment with azathioprine after a renal transplant. During...

    Incorrect

    • A 60-year-old male is under treatment with azathioprine after a renal transplant. During his review, he complains of pain and swelling over his left great toe. Investigations reveal hyperuricemia. Suspecting gout, he was started on allopurinol. Subsequently, he develops aplastic anaemia. Which of the following is the most appropriate reason for his bone marrow failure?

      Your Answer: Azathioprine toxicity

      Correct Answer: Mercaptopurine toxicity

      Explanation:

      The cause for bone marrow suppression in this patient is most probably mercaptopurine toxicity.
      Azathioprine is metabolized to 6-mercaptopurine (6-MP), which itself is metabolized by xanthine oxidase.
      Xanthine oxidase inhibition by allopurinol leads to the accumulation of 6-MP which then precipitates bone marrow failure.
      This may be potentially fatal if unrecognized.
      Clinical presentation:
      Toxicity symptoms include gastrointestinal symptoms, bradycardia, hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Pharmacology
      94.7
      Seconds
  • Question 3 - A 23 year old female presents to the hospital with worsening shortness of...

    Correct

    • A 23 year old female presents to the hospital with worsening shortness of breath, increased volume of purulent sputum and left-sided chest pain. She has a history of cystic fibrosis. Medical notes state that she is under consideration for the transplant list and for some years has been colonised with pseudomonas. On examination she has a temperature of 38.4°C and FEV1 falling below 75% of the previous value that was recorded. She looks unwell and is tachycardic and hypotensive with a respiratory rate of 21/min. Burkholderia cepacia is confirmed as the pathogen in this case. What would be the most appropriate antibiotic regime?

      Your Answer: Ceftazidime and aminoglycoside

      Explanation:

      Burkholderia cepacia is an aerobic gram-negative bacillus found in various aquatic environments. B cepacia is an organism of low virulence and is a frequent colonizer of fluids used in the hospital (e.g., irrigation solutions, intravenous fluids).
      B cepacia, as a non-aeruginosa pseudomonad, is usually resistant to aminoglycosides, antipseudomonal penicillin, and antipseudomonal third-generation cephalosporins and polymyxin B.
      B cepacia is often susceptible to trimethoprim plus sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX), cefepime, meropenem, minocycline, and tigecycline and has varying susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.
      Based on the options available, ceftazidime and aminoglycoside would be the best option.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Respiratory
      103.2
      Seconds
  • Question 4 - A 25-year-old pregnant female suddenly developed a rash on her torso. It started...

    Correct

    • A 25-year-old pregnant female suddenly developed a rash on her torso. It started as macules and then became vesicles. After 3 days she died. During her post-mortem, positive findings suggestive of pneumonitis were found. Which one of the following is the most common cause?

      Your Answer: Varicella zoster virus (VZV)

      Explanation:

      Varicella zoster virus (VZV) presents in this way and the rash transforms from macules to vesicles. Pneumonitis is a common complication of VZV infection.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Infectious Diseases
      36.7
      Seconds
  • Question 5 - A 22 year old man is being evaluated for chronic lower backache. Which...

    Incorrect

    • A 22 year old man is being evaluated for chronic lower backache. Which of the following would most strongly point towards the diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis?

      Your Answer: Loss of thoracic kyphosis

      Correct Answer: Reduced lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

      Explanation:

      Ankylosing spondylitis (spondylarthritis) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the axial skeleton that leads to partial or even complete fusion and rigidity of the spine. Males are disproportionately affected and upwards of 90% of patients are positive for the HLA-B27 genotype, which predisposes to the disease. The most characteristic early finding is pain and stiffness in the neck and lower back, caused by inflammation of the vertebral column and the sacroiliac joints. The pain typically improves with activity and is especially prominent at night. Other articular findings include tenderness to percussion and displacement of the sacroiliac joints (Mennell’s sign), as well as limited spine mobility, which can progress to restrictive pulmonary disease.
      The most common extra-articular manifestation is acute, unilateral anterior uveitis. Diagnosis is primarily based on symptoms and x-ray of the sacroiliac joints, with HLA-B27 testing and MRI reserved for inconclusive cases. There is no curative treatment, but regular physiotherapy can slow progression of the disease. Additionally, NSAIDs and/or tumour necrosis factor-α inhibitors may improve symptoms. In severe cases, surgery may be considered to improve quality of life. The spine adopts a bamboo shape, not lordosis. The pain usually improves as the day progresses. leg raise test causes pain in cases of meningitis etc not in this case.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Rheumatology
      55.1
      Seconds
  • Question 6 - A 38-year-old woman has been reviewed in the hypertension clinic. Abdominal ultrasound scanning...

    Incorrect

    • A 38-year-old woman has been reviewed in the hypertension clinic. Abdominal ultrasound scanning reveals that her left kidney is much smaller than her right kidney.   You suspect renal artery stenosis, as her GP noticed a deteriorating serum creatinine concentration within 1 month of starting ACE inhibitor therapy.   What is the most appropriate next investigation?

      Your Answer: Renal arteriography

      Correct Answer: Magnetic resonance angiography

      Explanation:

      MRA is next appropriate management for this case. It is non-invasive and has been shown to correlate with angiographic appearance. Although Renal arteriography is considered gold standard, it is invasive, so a non-invasive option is preferred as first line of investigation in this case.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Nephrology
      17.4
      Seconds
  • Question 7 - A prescription for Olanzapine is written for a 28 year old lady with...

    Correct

    • A prescription for Olanzapine is written for a 28 year old lady with a history of schizophrenia. Which adverse effect is she most likely to experience?

      Your Answer: Weight gain

      Explanation:

      Weight gain is an extremely common (5-40%) adverse effect of atypical antipsychotics such as olanzapine (dose dependent). Olanzapine causes orthostatic hypotension ≥20% of reported cases. Parkinsonism reactions occurs in 4% of people.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Psychiatry
      35.3
      Seconds
  • Question 8 - A 50 yr. old male presented with acute severe central chest pain and...

    Correct

    • A 50 yr. old male presented with acute severe central chest pain and acute ST elevation myocardial infarction was diagnosed. He was treated with streptokinase. 2 days later he was sweating excessively and he was found to be hypotensive. Which of the following cannot be considered as a reason for this presentation?

      Your Answer: Hypotensive effect of streptokinase

      Explanation:

      Hypotensive effect of streptokinase occurs during the streptokinase infusion which is usually transient. Acute mitral regurgitation due to rupture of papillary muscles, ventricular septal defects and reinfarctions (left or right) are known to cause hypotension after 24 hrs. Pulmonary embolism is less likely but cannot be excluded.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Cardiology
      64.7
      Seconds
  • Question 9 - Which one of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in...

    Incorrect

    • Which one of the following is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in the UK?

      Your Answer: Dietary iodine deficiency

      Correct Answer: Hashimoto's thyroiditis

      Explanation:

      Hashimoto thyroiditis is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developed countries. In contrast, worldwide, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is an inadequate dietary intake of iodine. This disease is also known as chronic autoimmune thyroiditis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Endocrinology
      70.5
      Seconds
  • Question 10 - A 16-year-old female presents with a two day history of right iliac fossa...

    Correct

    • A 16-year-old female presents with a two day history of right iliac fossa pain, nausea and loss of appetite. You suspect that she has acute appendicitis. Which scoring system could you use to lend support to your diagnosis?

      Your Answer: Alvarado score

      Explanation:

      The prompt is suggestive of acute appendicitis. The Alvarado score is a clinical scoring system used to determine the likelihood of appendicitis, so this is the correct answer. A score greater than 6 is generally considered at risk for having acute appendicitis. It has 8 different criteria included (symptoms, signs, and lab results) and divides patients into appendicitis unlikely, possible, probable, and definite. The Center Score is a score to access the likelihood that pharyngitis is due to Strep. The Child-Pugh score predicts prognosis in liver cirrhosis. The Glasgow score is two different scores– the Glasgow coma score in trauma, which estimates level of consciousness, essentially, and The Glasgow Imrie Criteria which determines the severity of acute pancreatitis based on 8 lab values. The MELD score predicts the severity of end-stage liver disease.

    • This question is part of the following fields:

      • Gastroenterology
      28.9
      Seconds

SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY

Infectious Diseases (2/2) 100%
Pharmacology (0/1) 0%
Respiratory (1/1) 100%
Rheumatology (0/1) 0%
Nephrology (0/1) 0%
Psychiatry (1/1) 100%
Cardiology (1/1) 100%
Endocrinology (0/1) 0%
Gastroenterology (1/1) 100%
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