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Question 1
Incorrect
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Question 2
Correct
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The femoral triangle is bounded superiorly by which of the following structures?
Your Answer: Inguinal ligament
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle:
Superior: Inguinal ligament
Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus
Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius
Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles
Roof: Fascia Lata -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 3
Incorrect
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Under which one of the following conditions is the pelvic inlet felt to be contracted?
Your Answer: Pelvic shape is platypelloid
Correct Answer:
Explanation:Contracted pelvis occurs when one or more of its diameters is reduced so that it interferes with the normal mechanism of labour. A transverse diameter below 11 cm will result in difficult delivery of the foetus and C-section will be the better option in that case
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 4
Incorrect
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If your patient is 8 weeks pregnant which one of the following USS measurements is most useful?
Your Answer: Biparietal diameter
Correct Answer: Crown rump length
Explanation:Fetal crown-rump length (CRL) is recommended over last menstrual period for estimating GA when measured in early pregnancy i.e. before 9 to 13+6 weeks.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 5
Incorrect
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The normal lining of the fallopian tube is:
Your Answer: Fibrous connective tissue
Correct Answer: Columnar epithelium with cilia
Explanation:The Fallopian tubes, also known as, uterine tubes, and salpinges, are two very fine tubes lined with ciliated columnar epithelia, leading from the ovaries of female mammals into the uterus, via the uterotubal junction.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 6
Incorrect
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The main support of the uterus is provided by:
Your Answer: The round ligament
Correct Answer: The cardinal ligament
Explanation:The cardinal ligament (or Mackenrodt’s ligament, lateral or transverse cervical ligament) is a major ligament of the uterus. It is located at the base of the broad ligament of the uterus. It attaches the cervix to the lateral pelvic wall by its attachment to the Obturator fascia of the Obturator internus muscle, and is continuous externally with the fibrous tissue that surrounds the pelvic blood vessels. It thus provides support to the uterus.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 7
Incorrect
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Regarding lymph drainage of the ovary where does the majority of lymph drain to?
Your Answer: Mesenteric nodes
Correct Answer: para-aortic nodes
Explanation:Majority of the lymph from the ovaries drain into the para-aortic lymph nodes.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 8
Correct
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Leydig cells contain receptors to which hormone?
Your Answer: LH
Explanation:The Leydig cells contain receptors to the luteinizing hormone which in turn is responsible for the production of testosterone. This circulates in the body predominantly bound to transport proteins and to a lesser extent to albumin.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 9
Incorrect
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Which two nerves provide the primary cutaneous sensory innervation to the labia majora?
Your Answer: Ilioinguinal and inferior rectal
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal and pudendal
Explanation:The Pudendal provides cutaneous innervation to the posterior external genitalia via one of its terminal branches called the perineal nerve (this further branches into the posterior labial nerves or posterior scrotal nerve in men). The ilioinguinal nerve provides anterior sensation via the anterior labial nerves (anterior scrotal nerve in men). The genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve contributes some fibres to the skin of the mons pubis and labia majora in females. The posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh sometimes overlaps sensory areas.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 10
Correct
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Regarding the uterine artery which of the following statements are TRUE?
Your Answer: It arises from the internal iliac artery
Explanation:The uterine artery arises from the internal iliac artery, in particular the anterior division of the internal iliac artery. Some older texts refer to the internal iliac as the hypogastric artery. The vaginal artery typically arises as its own branch of the internal iliac artery. The ovarian arteries are branches of the aorta
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 11
Incorrect
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After a vaginal delivery, a patient suffers a perineal tear. On examination the laceration involves the external anal sphincter and has partially torn the internal anal sphincter. Which of the following classifies this tear?
Your Answer: 1st
Correct Answer: 3c
Explanation:During childbearing the vagina and perineum are prone to lacerations that may involve the skin or can extend into the anal sphincter complex. It is important to be able to identify obstetric and anal sphincter injuries to provide adequate care and prevent complications. In the classification of obstetric tears according to RCOG guidelines:
First degree tear: injury to the perineal skin and/or the vaginal mucosa
Second degree tears: Injury to perineum involving perineal muscles but not the anal sphincter.
Third-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex:
Grade 3a tear: Less than 50% of external anal sphincter (EAS) thickness torn.
Grade 3b tear: More than 50% of EAS thickness torn.
Grade 3c tear: Both EAS and internal anal sphincter (IAS) torn.
Fourth-degree tear: Injury to perineum involving the anal sphincter complex (EAS and IAS)
and anorectal mucosa. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 12
Incorrect
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Regarding the urinary bladder, what type of epithelium lines it?
Your Answer: Stratified
Correct Answer: Transitional
Explanation:The urinary bladder, and most of the urinary structures are lined by epithelium called the urothelium, or the transitional epithelium. This stratified lining is divided into three parts, an apical layer, an intermediate layer and a basal layer. The transitional epithelium is available to stretch to accommodate the increased volume when the bladder is distended, without structural damage.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 13
Correct
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What is the inferior border of the deep perineal pouch?
Your Answer: Perineal membrane
Explanation:The perineal membrane (also known as the inferior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm) separates the deep and superficial perineal pouches i.e. it is the inferior border of the deep pouch and superior border of the superficial pouch. The deep perineal pouch is the space therefore between superior and inferior layers of the urogenital diaphragm The superior fascia of the urogenital diaphragm is the superior border
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 14
Correct
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Question 15
Incorrect
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The arcuate line forms part of the border of the pelvic brim. Where is it located?
Your Answer: Coccyx
Correct Answer: Ilium
Explanation:Arcuate means ‘bow shaped’ and there are different arcuate lines in anatomical terms. Regarding the pelvic brim this is composed of the arcuate line of the ilium, pectineal line and prominences of sacrum and pubic symphysis (as demonstrated in the images below). As can be seen the arcuate line is a smooth rounded border on the internal surface of the ilium inferior to the iliac fossa and Iliacus. Image sourced from Wikipedia Note: The pelvic outlet is also called the inferior aperture. The pelvic brim is the superior aperture
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 16
Incorrect
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The inguinal canal is reinforced anterolaterally by which structure?
Your Answer: Inguinal Falx
Correct Answer: Internal oblique
Explanation:The Conjoint tendon AKA Inguinal falx reinforces the posterior wall of the inguinal canal. The inguinal ligament is part of the floor.
The aponeurosis of external oblique is the major component of the anterior wall with fibres of internal oblique reinforcing the lateral part -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 17
Correct
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The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?
Your Answer: Fascia lata
Explanation:The femoral triangle is bounded:
– Superiorly by the inguinal ligament that forms the base of the femoral triangle.
– Medially by the lateral border of the adductor longus.
– Laterally by the sartorius; the apex of the femoral triangle is formed where the borders of the sartorius and the adductor muscles meet.
– The floor of the femoral triangle is formed by the iliopsoas laterally and the pectineus muscle medially.
– The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by the fascia lata and cribriform
fascia, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 18
Incorrect
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Which one of the following dimensions relates to the greatest diameter of the fetal head?
Your Answer: Biparietal
Correct Answer: Occipitomental
Explanation:Occipitomental diameter is the greatest diameter of the fetal scalp and runs from chin to the prominent portion on the occiput. It measure about 12.5cm in diameter.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 19
Correct
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Which one of the following statements regarding the fetal head is true?
Your Answer: Considered to be engaged when the biparietal diameter passes the level of the pelvic inlet
Explanation:The fetal head is engaged when the head of the foetus or the presenting part enters the pelvic inlet or pelvic brim. It usually occurs at 38 weeks of gestation.
The Spalding sign refers to the overlapping of the fetal skull bones caused by collapse of the fetal brain. It appears usually a week or more after fetal death in utero.
In brow presentation the scalp is deflexed as the foetus is looking upward. Normally the head is inflexed such that the chin is touching the chest. -
This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 20
Incorrect
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Question 21
Incorrect
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The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) lies within which part of the kidney?
Your Answer: Renal Pelvis
Correct Answer: Renal Cortex
Explanation:The juxtaglomerular apparatus is the main site for the production of renin. It plays an important role in the regulation of the blood pressure. These structures are mainly located in the cortex of the kidneys.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 22
Incorrect
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Pelvic ligaments can change at term resulting in?
Your Answer: Degeneration of pelvic ground substance
Correct Answer: Enlargement of the pelvic cavity
Explanation:The pelvis is supported by a variety of ligaments. At term, these ligaments allow for variation in its structure such that the overall size of the pelvic cavity is increased in order to accommodate the upcoming foetus into the cavity.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 23
Incorrect
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You see a patient who is 32 weeks pregnant. She complains of tingling to the right buttock and shooting pain down the leg. You suspect Piriformis syndrome. Regarding Piriformis which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer: Main action is internal rotation of the hip
Correct Answer: Insertion is onto the greater trochanter
Explanation:The proximal attachment of the piriformis muscles is from the anterior surface of sacrum and it attaches distally to the superior border of the greater trochanter of the femur. It is innervated by the anterior rami of S1 and S2.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 24
Incorrect
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Iliac Spine
Correct Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spines and palpable through the vagina and are used as landmarks to assess the decent of the fetal head from the cervix. It also serves as a landmark for giving the pudendal block.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 25
Incorrect
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The round ligament develops from which structure?
Your Answer: Allantois
Correct Answer: Gubernaculum
Explanation:The round ligament develops from the lower end of the gubernaculum in females. In the males it persists as the scrotal ligament.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 26
Incorrect
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Regarding the rectus sheath which of the following statements are true?
Your Answer: Below the arcuate line the transversus divides into two to encompass the rectus abdominus
Correct Answer: Above the arcuate line the internal oblique divides into two lamellae
Explanation:The rectus sheath is formed by the aponeurosis of the internal and external oblique muscles and the transversus abdominus muscle. The internal oblique divides into two lamellae and encloses the rectus muscle. Anteriorly it fuses with the aponeurosis of the external oblique and posteriorly with that of the transverus abdominus. Below the arcuate line the aponeurosis of all the flat muscles lies anteriorly and posteriorly it is only enclosed by the transveralis fascia.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 27
Correct
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What is the anatomical landmark used for gauging the station of the fetal head during labour?
Your Answer: Ischial Spine
Explanation:The ischial spine is the anatomical landmark for assessing the station of the fetal head and also placing pudendal nerve blocks. (the pudendal nerve runs posterior to the ischial spine). The ischial spine can be palpated approximately 8cm into the vagina, at 4 and 8 o’clock.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 28
Incorrect
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Regarding molding of the fetal head, which one is true?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Does NOT have time to occur in breech delivery
Explanation:Molding allows the skull bones of the fetal head some mobility during the normal delivery of foetus as the skull changes its shape to accommodate passage through the mothers pelvis. However this does not occur in breach delivery where the skull is in circular shape. Babies born breech typically have craniofacial and limb deformations resulting from their in utero position. These babies characteristically have a long, narrow head, (“dolichocephaly” or “type 1”), with a prominent occipital shelf, redundant skin over the neck, overlapping lambdoidal sutures, and an indentation below their ears (from shoulder compression).
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 29
Incorrect
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The roof of the femoral triangle is formed by which structure?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Fascia lata
Explanation:Boundaries of the Femoral Triangle: Superior: Inguinal ligament Medial: Medial border of the adductor longus Lateral: Medial border of the sartorius Floor: Pectineus, Adductor longus and Iliopsoas muscles Roof: Fascia Lata (cribriform fascia at the saphenous opening) Trasversalis fascia forms part of the roof of the inguinal canal
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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Question 30
Incorrect
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A patient undergoes surgery for a vaginal vault prolapse. After surgery she complains of numbness and groin pain. You assess her and find the numb area is the anterior aspect of the labia. Which nerve has likely been damaged during surgery?
Your Answer:
Correct Answer: Ilioinguinal
Explanation:This describes the sensory area supplied by the ilioinguinal nerve. This is a potential complication with pelvic surgery.
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This question is part of the following fields:
- Anatomy
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SESSION STATS - PERFORMANCE PER SPECIALTY
