A 4-week-old baby girl is brought to the GP with feeding difficulties, increased respiratory effort, and poor weight gain over the past two weeks. During the examination, the GP notes a parasternal heave and a loud systolic murmur at the lower left sternal border.
What is the true statement about this condition?
A 4-year-old boy is brought to the paediatric assessment unit by his parents after they witnessed him having a seizure. He had been experiencing a fever and cold symptoms for the past three days. His father also noticed a rash on his chest and a swollen tongue yesterday. The boy has met all of his developmental milestones prior to this incident.
After being assessed, the medical team has determined that the boy is safe to go home. What advice should the parents be given?
You are an FY1 on the neonatal ward round with your consultant. Whilst seeing a newborn that has been admitted with respiratory distress, the consultant you’re with decides to quiz you on the pathophysiology.
‘What is the most likely organism to cause respiratory distress syndrome in premature infants?
You are participating in a morbidity and mortality meeting following the death of a patient on the 30th day after birth. The classification of the patient’s death is being debated. What is the appropriate classification for this case?
The consultant requests your assessment of a 4-week-old girl in the neonatal ward who was born prematurely at 28 weeks gestation. The infant is thriving, gaining weight appropriately, and appears pink and warm. Oxygen saturation is within normal limits, and lung sounds are clear. During cardiac auscultation, you note a continuous machinery murmur heard over the upper left sternal edge that does not vary with position or radiation. What is the most likely cause of this murmur?
A 7-year-old boy presents to the GP clinic with symptoms suggestive of a common cold. He is meeting his developmental milestones as expected, enjoys playing soccer, and has no other health concerns. During auscultation of his chest, you notice a soft, low-pitched murmur that occurs early in systole and is most audible at the lower left sternal border. S1 and a split S2 are both audible, with the latter becoming wider during inspiration. What is the likely diagnosis?
A 28-year-old woman who has never given birth before goes into spontaneous labour and you are assisting in the vaginal delivery of a baby girl weighing 3.2 kg. To assess the newborn’s health, you use the Apgar score. Can you provide the correct components of the Apgar score?
A 2-year-old boy is found to have a continuous murmur, with the loudest point at the left sternal edge. No cyanosis is observed, and a diagnosis of patent ductus arteriosus is suspected. What pulse abnormality is commonly linked with this condition?
You are requested to assess a 3-month-old infant who has a significant, solitary ventricular septal defect (VSD). What clinical manifestation might be observed?
You are a nurse in the pediatric ward and you assess a 7-year-old girl with a sprained ankle. During your examination, you observe some bruises on her arms. When you ask her about it, she becomes quiet and avoids eye contact. Her father quickly intervenes and explains that she fell off her bike. However, you have a gut feeling that something is not right. What steps do you take next?