A mother presents with her 3-month-old baby boy to ask advice about his failed newborn hearing screening. Further tests were normal; however, she has been advised to seek medical advice if she has any concerns about his hearing in the future. Which one of the following would warrant referral for a further hearing test?
A mother gives birth to her first baby. The baby begins vomiting persistently during the fourth week of life. The paediatrician performs a physical examination of the baby and feels a small mass about the size of an olive in the epigastrium.
Which of the following is this child likely to exhibit?
A mother brings her 9-month-old son to the general practitioner. She is concerned, as he has had an unusually high-pitched cry and has been drawing his legs up and vomiting. His last nappy revealed some bloody, slimy stools. She has recently started to wean him.
Which is the most likely diagnosis?
A 4-month-old boy is brought to the clinic by his parents as they are concerned about a possible heart condition. The baby was born full-term and has had no major health issues except for a mild cold. After examining the child, the consultant paediatrician suspects the presence of a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA).
What is a clinical feature that would indicate the presence of a PDA in this infant?
A 12-year-old girl visits the doctor with her mother, worried about not having started her periods yet. During the examination, it is observed that she has normal female genitalia but bilateral inguinal hernias. Additionally, she has breast buds and minimal pubic and axillary hair. The girl’s weight and IQ are both within the normal range for her age. What is the probable underlying reason for her concern?
What hand abnormalities are typical in children with achondroplasia?
You are asked to assess a male infant born 18 hours ago, at 35 weeks gestation, due to concerns raised by the nursing staff. Upon conducting a comprehensive examination and taking note of the mother’s positive group B streptococcus status, you tentatively diagnose the baby with neonatal sepsis and commence treatment. What is the most frequently observed feature associated with this condition?
A 4-month-old is brought to the emergency department with a suspected UTI and responds well to antibiotics within 48 hours. An ultrasound may be necessary to determine if this is a typical or atypical UTI. What is the most common indicator of an atypical UTI?
A 6-week-old infant is experiencing projectile vomiting after feeds and is always hungry despite vomiting. What is the most effective approach to managing this condition?
A 15-year-old boy is presented to the General Practitioner by his mother who reports that he has been having difficulties at school for the past year. The patient has a medical history of recurrent otitis media. The mother mentions that her nephew and niece have both required extra assistance at school, and the latter has been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). The patient had a normal birth history and early childhood development. On examination, he has an elongated face and protruding ears. What is the most probable diagnosis?