Samantha is a 6-year-old girl who has been brought in by her father. He reports that Samantha has had a fever for 3 days and yesterday developed some ulcers in her mouth. Today, he noticed that there are red spots on Samantha’s hands and feet which have now started to worry him.
Which virus is most likely causing Samantha’s symptoms?
You are a junior doctor in paediatrica and have been asked to perform a newborn exam.
Which statement is true regarding the Barlow and Ortolani manoeuvres?
A 19-year-old primigravida is scheduled for induction at 38 weeks due to intrauterine growth restriction. Following a brief labor, a baby girl is born vaginally. The infant has a low birth weight and is diagnosed with microcephaly, moderate hepatosplenomegaly, and a petechial rash upon examination. She experiences a seizure shortly after being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit. The mother had an uneventful pregnancy, has no medical history, takes no medications, and has received all of her vaccinations. What infection is the baby likely to have been exposed to in utero?
A 16-month-old toddler comes to your primary care clinic after experiencing a seizure. The parents are extremely worried as one of their relatives has epilepsy and they fear that their child may have it too. Upon examination, the child seems alert and has a temperature of 38.4C, which the parents say has been present for four days. They have been giving calpol, which has helped to bring it down from a high of 40.7ºC. You also notice a pink, maculopapular rash on the chest with minimal spread to the limbs, which the mother says she noticed this morning. The child has been eating but has had some diarrhea, and you can feel some enlarged glands on the back of their head. There is no rash in the mouth. Based on your observations, what do you think is the most probable underlying cause of the child’s symptoms?
A 3-year-old girl is brought to the Emergency Department, during the autumn period, with severe dyspnoea at rest. She has been unwell for the past week with a barking cough and inspiratory stridor which are typically worse in the late evening. On examination, intercostal and subdiaphragmatic recessions are noticeable. A chest radiograph shows tapering of the upper trachea.
What is the most probable pathogen responsible for this girl’s condition?
A 3-day-old neonate was discovered to be cyanosed with a PaO2 of 2 kPa on umbilical artery blood sampling. Upon auscultation of the chest, a murmur with a loud S2 was detected, and a chest X-ray revealed a narrow upper mediastinum with an ‘egg-on-side’ appearance of the cardiac shadow. To save the infant’s life, a balloon atrial septostomy was performed. What is the probable diagnosis?
A neighbor has a grandchild diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot and asks you about this condition.
Which of the following is a characteristic of this condition?
A 7-year-old girl arrives at the emergency department with severe wheezing and shortness of breath. She is struggling to speak in full sentences and her peak expiratory flow rate is 320 l/min (45% of normal). Her oxygen saturation levels are at 92%. Her pCO2 is 4.8 kPa.
What is the most concerning finding from the above information?
A 3-year-old boy is brought to see the pediatrician by his father. He was born at 34/40 weeks gestation. His father is worried about cerebral palsy, as he has heard that premature birth can cause developmental problems. The child has been meeting all his developmental milestones, but his father is still concerned. During the examination, the boy shows normal power, tone, and reflexes in all four limbs.
What developmental problem would indicate a diagnosis of cerebral palsy in this 3-year-old boy?
A 6-year-old child comes to the Emergency Department (ED) after running into a door while playing with his older brother. He cried and screamed initially, but fell asleep about an hour later. Upon waking up, he vomited twice. During the examination, a 3 cm x 4 cm swelling is observed on his forehead. The central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) examination are generally normal, as are his eyes. His cervical spine is also normal. While in the examination room, he vomits again. What is the best course of action?