A 4-week-old infant boy born at 37 weeks gestation by caesarian section is presented to his pediatrician for a routine check-up. The pediatrician observes that the neonate’s urethral meatus is situated on the ventral aspect of the penile shaft, instead of the distal glans penis. What other congenital anomaly is this neonate more likely to have?
A 9-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician with her parents. She has a history of bedwetting and has been using an enuresis alarm which has been helping her. However, she expresses her fear of going to a sleepover because she doesn’t want her friends to know about her bedwetting. Her mother is hesitant to let her go without the alarm. Upon examination, the girl appears healthy and a urine dipstick test is normal.
What is the most appropriate course of action in this situation?
A 16-week-old infant is brought to the GP by their mother due to regurgitation and vomiting after most feeds, ongoing diarrhea with significant amounts of mucous, and difficulty settling. The mother also reports that the infant often pulls their legs up to their chest during crying episodes. The infant was born at full term, had a healthy weight at birth, and is formula-fed. They have a history of eczema managed with emollients. What is the recommended next step in management?
A newborn’s mother is attempting to nurse him, but he vomits uncurdled milk immediately after suckling avidly. The mother had polyhydramnios during her pregnancy. What is the most likely developmental defect in this child?
When is the infant blood spot screening test typically performed in the United Kingdom?
A 4 month old boy is suspected of having hypospadias. In boys with this condition, where is the urethral opening most commonly located?
Liam is an 8-year-old boy brought in by his father with a 2 day history of fever and sore throat. Today he has developed a rash on his torso. He is eating and drinking well, but has not been to school for the last 2 days and has been feeling tired.
On examination, Liam is alert, smiling and playful. He has a temperature of 37.8°C. His throat appears red with petechiae on the hard and soft palate and his tongue is covered with a white coat through which red papillae are visible. There is a blanching rash present on his trunk which is red and punctate with a rough, sandpaper-like texture.
What is the appropriate time for Liam to return to school, given the most likely diagnosis?
Which feature is not typical of physiological jaundice?
A baby boy born 3 weeks ago has been experiencing persistent jaundice since 72 hours after birth. His parents have observed that he is hesitant to breastfeed and his urine appears dark. During your examination, you confirm that the infant is jaundiced and has an enlarged liver. Upon reviewing his blood work, you find that he has conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. His serum alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and electrophoresis are normal, and the neonatal heel prick test conducted at birth was negative. What is the recommended treatment for this condition?
A 5-year-old girl is brought to the pediatrician by her father who reports a ‘barking’ cough that has occurred a few times daily for the past two days. The child’s appetite and behavior remain unchanged. Upon examination, the pediatrician finds no abnormalities. What is the recommended first-line treatment for mild croup?