Archives: Medical Student Finals

MSFinals-3838

A 68-year-old woman presents to eye casualty with a painful, red eye and blurred vision. She reports that the pain started suddenly this morning. On examination, there is swelling of the eyelid and a small hypopyon is present. Her vision is blurry in the affected eye and she can only see moving fingers at a distance of one meter. Fundoscopy reveals periphlebitis. The patient has no significant medical history except for cataract surgery performed 3 days ago. What is the probable diagnosis?

MSFinals-3839

A 60-year-old woman comes to the clinic complaining of seeing a curtain moving from the right inferonasal side towards the centre for the past 3 days. She reports seeing flashes of lights at the right inferonasal side and an increase in the number of floaters in her right eye. Her central vision is not affected, and her vision is 6/6 in both eyes. What is the probable diagnosis?

MSFinals-3807

A 28-year-old man presents with a 5-day history of increasing pain, blurry vision and lacrimation in the left eye. He also feels a foreign body sensation in the affected eye. He has recently been swimming in an indoor swimming pool with his friends with his contact lenses on.
On examination, his visual acuity is 6/24 in the left and 6/6 in the right. The conjunctiva in the left is red. There is a white dot on the cornea, and with fluorescein, it shows an uptake in the centre of the cornea.
What is the most likely diagnosis?

MSFinals-3808

A 72-year-old woman arrives at the emergency department reporting a sudden loss of vision in her left eye that occurred three hours ago and lasted for approximately 3 minutes. She explains the episode as a ‘black-out’ of her vision in that eye, without associated pain or nausea, and denies any other symptoms. The patient has a medical history of hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, and depression, and is currently taking amlodipine, ramipril, simvastatin, and citalopram. What is the best description of this patient’s symptoms?

MSFinals-3809

A 75-year-old woman presents with sudden visual loss in her right eye. She reports experiencing flashes and floaters. The patient has a history of myopia and has worn glasses since her early teenage years. Additionally, she has a medical history of hypertension, recurrent deep vein thrombosis, and osteoporosis. Her current medications include amlodipine 5mg once daily, apixaban 2.5mg twice daily, and alendronic acid 70mg once weekly. Upon examination, her visual acuity in the affected eye is 6/12. Fundoscopy reveals a normal optic disc and retinal vessels. What is the most likely diagnosis?

MSFinals-3810

A 23-year-old woman presented with a sudden onset of vision loss in her left eye accompanied by pain during eye movement that had been ongoing for four days. Upon ocular examination, her left eye had a positive afferent pupillary defect and a visual acuity of only counting fingers, while her right eye had a visual acuity of 6/6. The anterior segments of both eyes appeared normal, but contrast sensitivity and colour vision tests revealed severe impairment. Additionally, a unilateral central scotoma was observed in the visual field. What is the underlying diagnosis?

MSFinals-3811

A 30-year-old man reports experiencing a scratchy sensation in his eyes as the day goes on. He feels that his eyes become tired. These symptoms only occur during weekdays when he works as a computer programmer for a local business. During examination, there is mild conjunctival hyperemia, but the rest of the ocular examination is normal. Which nerve stimulation is linked to tear production?

MSFinals-3812

A 57-year-old man presented to the Emergency Department with a 1-day history of blurring of vision and headache. He does not complain of any pain when touching the scalp or any pain when eating and chewing food.
Past medical history includes hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which is well controlled with metformin.
On further history taking, he tells you that he has a family history of brain cancer and he is afraid that this could be relevant to his symptoms.
On examination, his visual acuity is 6/18 in both eyes. On dilated fundoscopy, you could see some arterioles narrower than others. You also see venules being compressed by arterioles. There are also some dot-and-blot and flame-shaped haemorrhages, as well as some cotton-wool spots.
His vital observations are as follows:
Heart rate 80 bpm
Blood pressure 221/119 mmHg
Oxygen saturation 98% on room air
Respiratory rate 14 per minute
Temperature 37 °C
According to the Keith-Wagener-Barker classification of hypertensive retinopathy, what grade of hypertensive retinopathy is this?

MSFinals-3813

A 70-year-old man with a lengthy history of hypertension is undergoing an eye examination. He has been experiencing deteriorating headaches and reduced visual acuity over the past few weeks. Upon fundoscopy, he displays flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots, arteriovenous nipping, and papilloedema. What level of hypertensive retinopathy does this correspond to?

MSFinals-3814

Which eye sign is correctly matched with its corresponding condition from the following options?