A 28-year-old female patient complains of abdominal pain, weight loss, and bloody diarrhea for the past month. After being referred for colonoscopy and biopsy, it was discovered that she has continuous inflammation in the mucosa and crypt abscesses. What is the most specific antibody associated with her probable diagnosis?
A 45-year-old male visits his doctor complaining of bone pain that has been bothering him for a few weeks. He has also noticed a decline in his hearing ability lately. Upon examination, his blood work reveals an isolated increase in alkaline phosphate levels. Based on this information, which bone is most likely causing his pain?
A 58-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with complaints of right wrist pain after falling on her outstretched hand. Upon examination, there is tenderness over her right anatomical snuffbox and pain with ulnar deviation of the right wrist. An X-ray confirms an undisplaced scaphoid fracture in the right wrist. What is the best course of management in this case?
A 67-year-old man presents to secondary care for a routine follow-up. He is asymptomatic. Routine blood tests reveal the following:
Calcium 3.1 mmol/L (2.1-2.6)
Phosphate 0.3 mmol/L (0.8-1.4)
Parathyroid hormone (PTH) 11.8 pmol/L (1.6 – 6.9)
Magnesium 0.9 mmol/L (0.7-1.0)
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) 3.2 mU/L (0.5-5.5)
Free thyroxine (T4) 17 pmol/L (9.0 – 18)
What is the patient’s most likely risk factor for developing a condition?
A 67-year-old woman complains of weakness in her thighs and shoulders, making it difficult for her to climb stairs and lift objects. She has also observed a purple rash, particularly on her face and eyelids. During the examination, she has painful and itchy papules on her metacarpophalangeal joints. Which antibody is expected to be positive in this patient?
A 35-year-old female comes to the clinic complaining of difficulty swallowing solids. She has observed a gradual decrease in her mouth opening and tightening of the skin over her distal forearms over the past year. During the examination, her fingers seem to be blanched and cold, and her skin has a ‘salt and pepper’ appearance. You suspect that she has a connective tissue disorder. What test will aid in establishing a conclusive diagnosis?
A 27-year-old Afro-Caribbean female patient complains of fatigue, fever, and a rash that has persisted for 3 months. During the examination, the doctor observes a rash that does not affect the nasolabial folds and cold extremities. What is the most precise diagnostic test for this patient’s probable condition?
A 25-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman presents to the clinic with complaints of constant fatigue, joint pains, and stiffness in her hands and feet, which are worse in the morning. She also has a new rash on both cheeks. On physical examination, there are no abnormalities in her respiratory, cardiovascular, or gastrointestinal systems. There is no joint swelling, but there is mild tenderness in the metacarpo-phalangeal joints of both hands and metatarso-phalangeal joints of both feet. She has a mildly erythematosus papular rash on both cheeks. You suspect systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and order a set of blood tests to help exclude this condition. Which blood test would be most helpful in ruling out SLE?
A 30-year-old female visits her doctor with a complaint of oral ulcers that have been persistent for a month. She also reports experiencing swollen and painful hands for the past two weeks. During the examination, the doctor observes a malar rash on her face. To identify the underlying condition, the doctor orders some blood tests. What is the most sensitive antibody test for the underlying condition?
A 40-year-old female visits her doctor with a complaint of oral ulcers that have been persistent for a month. She also mentions that her hands have become swollen and painful over the past two weeks. During the examination, the doctor observes a rash on her face that crosses the nasal bridge but spares the nasolabial folds. To identify the underlying condition, the doctor orders some blood tests. What is the most specific antibody test for the underlying condition?