A 42-year-old woman has a hysterectomy due to severe dysmenorrhoea after exhausting pharmacological options. Several months later, she experiences a vaginal vault prolapse and is referred to gynaecologists. What is the most appropriate surgical intervention for her?
A 30-year-old woman visits the clinic for her initial cervical smear as a part of the national screening initiative. She seeks guidance on the risk factors associated with cervical cancer. What is accurate regarding her risk?
The risk of contracting a viral infection through a blood transfusion can vary greatly. What is the estimated risk of hepatitis B transmission in the United Kingdom, for instance?
By how much does the haemoglobin concentration increase with the infusion of one unit of fresh blood?
A 26-year-old primigravida has a spontaneous vaginal delivery at 38+2 weeks gestation. It is midwife-led and uncomplicated. She is seen by the obstetric team the next day on the post-natal ward as she is requesting contraception. Her medical history and allergies are negative. She is formula-feeding the baby. Before getting pregnant, she was taking the combined oral contraceptive pill and wants to resume it. She mentions that she couldn’t tolerate the progesterone-only pill and doesn’t prefer the intra-uterine system.
What are the counseling points for this patient?
Linda is a 35-year-old woman who is 20 weeks pregnant. She presents to the emergency department with a 2 day history of sharp abdominal pain. There is no vaginal bleeding. She also has a low grade fever of 37.8 ºC. Her pregnancy until now has been unremarkable.
On examination, she is haemodynamically stable, but there is tenderness on palpation of the right lower quadrant of her abdomen. Fetal heart rate was normal. An ultrasound scan was performed which showed a singleton pregnancy, and multiple large fibroids in the uterus. The ovaries appeared normal and there was no appendix inflammation.
What is the most likely cause of Linda’s symptoms?
A 25-year-old woman who is on the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) seeks guidance. She is presently on day 10 of her cycle and has missed her last two pills. Before this, she took her pill accurately every day. She had unprotected sexual intercourse 10 hours ago and is unsure if she should take emergency contraception to avoid pregnancy.
What advice should she be given?
A 30 year-old woman visits her GP with complaints of heavy periods that are causing disruption to her daily life and work. She is currently trying to conceive. Which treatment option would be most suitable for her?
Linda is a 32-year-old woman who presents to you with a 6 month history of chronic pelvic pain and dysmenorrhoea that is beginning to impact her daily life, especially at work. During further inquiry, she also reports experiencing painful bowel movements that begin just before her period and persist throughout it. You suspect endometriosis and Linda inquires about the definitive test to confirm this diagnosis.
What is the gold-standard investigation that can be performed to confirm endometriosis for Linda?
A 32-year-old woman visits the GP clinic with her partner as they are facing difficulty in conceiving. Despite having regular sexual intercourse for a year, they have not been successful. What would be the initial investigation recommended in this case?