A 26-year-old male is in need of immediate surgery after suffering from traumatic injuries to his right leg in a car accident. He has a family history of malignant hyperpyrexia and last consumed solid food 2 hours ago.
What would be considered unsafe for administration in this patient?
As you approach the bedside of an elderly overweight woman, you notice that she appears to be quite drowsy. Upon calling out her name, you hear a grunting noise and quickly call for the nurse’s assistance. The patient’s oxygen saturations are at 82% on air.
What would be the immediate next step in managing this patient?
As a healthcare professional in the emergency department, you come across an elderly overweight man who appears to be in a drowsy state. Upon calling out his name, you hear a grunting sound. The patient has periorbital ecchymosis and clear fluid leaking from one nostril. Additionally, his oxygen saturation levels are at 82% on air.
Which airway adjunct should you avoid using in this patient?
A 55-year-old smoker presents with a three month history of persistent hoarseness and right-sided earache. On examination, the patient has mild stridor and is hoarse. Ear examination is unremarkable, but endoscopy of the upper airway reveals an irregular mass in the larynx. What is the probable diagnosis?
A 68-year-old man has been referred through the 2 week-wait colorectal cancer referral scheme due to a change in bowel habit. He reports experiencing tenesmus, weight loss, and a change in bowel habit for the past 3 months. A colonoscopy has been scheduled for him. What advice should be given to prepare him for the procedure?
A 72-year-old man comes to the emergency department with abrupt onset of abdominal pain and fever. Upon examination, he appears ill and his abdomen is distended. His heart rate is 87/min, respiratory rate 27/min, blood pressure 143/93 mmHg, and temperature is 38.6 ºC. He has been experiencing constipation for the past week and has not passed air or feces. He has a history of active sigmoid cancer and type 2 diabetes that is managed with metformin. An erect chest x-ray reveals air beneath the left hemidiaphragm. What is the most appropriate surgical management plan?
An 80-year-old man is scheduled for a surgery to remove a cancerous growth in his large intestine. He has been noticing a gradual decrease in weight and alteration in bowel movements for the past two months. A recent colonoscopy has revealed a mass in the lower part of his descending colon. Despite his age, he appears to be in good health and is prepared to proceed with the procedure. What is the most probable surgery he will undergo?
A 75-year-old woman presents to the oncology clinic with a breast lump that was confirmed to be malignant through a biopsy. Cancer receptor testing reveals the presence of oestrogen receptors, and as she is postmenopausal, the plan is to start her on an aromatase inhibitor. However, due to potential adverse effects of the medication, a DEXA scan is conducted before initiating treatment. What is the name of the drug that the patient is supposed to start taking?
A 28-year-old male patient visits their GP complaining of abdominal pain and bloody diarrhoea that began six weeks ago. He has never experienced anything like this before and believes he may have lost some weight in the past three months. When asked about his family history, he mentions that his father was diagnosed with bowel cancer at the age of 30, and he remembers his grandfather having a stoma before he passed away when the patient was a child. The GP suspects bowel cancer and is concerned about a potential genetic abnormality. During colonoscopy, a large tumour is discovered in the ascending colon near the hepatic flexure, but the rest of the colonic mucosa appears normal. What is the most probable underlying genetic issue?
A 50-year-old receptionist visited her GP due to a rash on her left nipple area. She expressed discomfort and itchiness in the areola region. Upon further inquiry, she revealed that the rash has persisted for 8 weeks and has not improved with the use of E45 cream. The patient has a history of eczema, which is usually managed with E45 cream. She also mentioned that the rash started on the nipple and has spread outwards to the areola. During examination, the rash appeared crusty and erythematosus, but it did not extend beyond the nipple-areola complex. What additional measures should be taken?