A 55-year-old woman comes to your GP clinic for the third time in the past month. She reports experiencing bloating, mild abdominal discomfort, and a decreased appetite. You have previously referred her for a colonoscopy, which did not reveal any signs of malignancy. However, she remains highly concerned about cancer due to her family history, as her mother, grandmother, and sister have all had breast cancer. Which marker would be the most suitable?
A 32-year-old patient has visited the smear test clinic at her GP practice for a follow-up test. Her previous test was conducted three months ago.
What would have been the outcome of the previous test that necessitated a retest after only three months for this patient?
A 26-year-old nursing student has visited her GP clinic for her first cervical screening. She is curious about the testing procedure and knows that the sample will be screened for high-risk strains of HPV. The student inquires with the practice nurse about the next steps if the smear test comes back positive in the lab.
What follow-up test will be conducted if the smear test shows high-risk HPV (hrHPV) positivity?
A 25-year-old woman visits her doctor for contraception options after having two children and deciding not to have any more. She expresses interest in long-acting reversible contraception and ultimately chooses the copper IUD. What other condition should be ruled out besides pregnancy?
A 54-year-old woman complains of urinary incontinence during her daily walks. The bladder diary does not provide clear results. What is the most suitable test to conduct?
A 25-year-old female comes to see her GP with concerns about her mood during her menstrual cycle. She has been experiencing symptoms for the past 8 months despite making lifestyle changes. The week before her period, she notices a significant change in her mood, feeling extremely low and anxious with poor concentration. Her irritability is starting to affect her work as a primary school teacher. She has no other physical symptoms and feels like her usual self for the rest of the month. She has a medical history of migraine with aura.
What is the most appropriate treatment for this patient, given the likely diagnosis?
A 35-year-old woman is concerned about experiencing hot flashes and missing her period for the last six months. She suspects she may be going through premature menopause. What is the recommended diagnostic test for premature ovarian failure?
A 23-year-old woman visits her doctor with concerns about the effectiveness of the combined oral contraceptive pill. She has done some research but is still unsure about the risk of unintended pregnancy if she were to start taking this form of birth control. Can you explain the failure rate of the combined oral contraceptive pill when used correctly, given its Pearl Index of 0.2?
A 26-year-old sexually active female visits her GP with complaints of genital itching and a white discharge. During examination, vulvar erythema and a white vaginal discharge are observed. The vaginal pH is measured at 4.25. What is the probable reason for this woman’s symptoms?
A 30-year-old woman presents to your clinic seeking advice on contraception. She has a BMI of 31 kg/m2, having lost a significant amount of weight after undergoing gastric sleeve surgery a year ago. She is a non-smoker and has never been pregnant. Her blood pressure is 119/78 mmHg.
The patient is interested in long-acting reversible contraceptives but does not want a coil. She also wants a contraceptive that can be discontinued quickly if she decides to start a family. What would be the most suitable contraceptive option for her?