A 21-year-old university student complains of a 2-month history of tiredness and weight loss. On further questioning the patient reveals that they have been excessively thirsty and have also been passing urine many times during the day and night. The patient is investigated further and is diagnosed with having type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Which of the following is deficient in this condition?
A 55-year-old man is scheduled for colorectal carcinoma resection and has type 2 diabetes. He is currently well-controlled on 5 mg glibenclamide daily. What is the best pre-operative plan for managing his blood sugar levels?
A 57-year-old man comes in for his yearly check-up with his GP. He has a history of type 2 diabetes and hypertension. Upon physical examination, there are no notable findings and no signs of fluid overload. His blood pressure is 126/84 mmHg, and his heart rate is 67 bpm. A urine dipstick test shows only 1+ protein.
The results of his routine blood panel are as follows:
– Haemoglobin: 139 g/L (125-175)
– White cell count: 5.7 ×109/L (4-11)
– Mean cell volume: 82 fL (75-100)
– Platelets: 359 ×109/L (150-400)
– Sodium: 137 mmol/L (135-145)
– Potassium: 4.8 mmol/L (3.5-5.5)
– Urea: 8.9 mmol/L (2-7)
– Creatinine: 169 μmol/ (75-110)
– Glucose: 6.7 mmol/L (4-7)
– HbA1c: 48 mmol/mol (42-53)
– eGFR: 29 ml/min (>60)
– Lactate: 2.4 mmol/L (0.5-2)
– Venous pH: 7.35 (7.35-7.45)
Currently, the patient is taking aspirin 75 mg daily, bisoprolol 5 mg daily, gliclazide 80 mg twice daily, metformin 1 g twice daily, and ramipril 2.5 mg daily. Based on this information, which medication should be discontinued?
A newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patient in their 60s is admitted through the Emergency department due to hyperglycemia. The patient is dehydrated and has acute on chronic renal impairment, with an eGFR of 30 ml/min/1.73 m2. What diabetes medication(s) can be safely prescribed?
A mother brings her 9-month-old baby to clinic for a check-up. His prior medical history has been unremarkable and his immunisations are up-to-date. The mother is concerned about his growth. After you determine that the baby has grown appropriately since the last visit and is unchanged from the 50th centile, you provide the mother with advice regarding growth.
What signalling pathway does growth hormone (GH) use?
A 26-year-old female trainee solicitor has been experiencing difficulty concentrating on her work for the past 2 months. She has been complaining that the work area is too hot. She appears nervous and has a fine tremor. Despite eating more, she has lost 4 kg in the last month. During a physical examination, her temperature is 37.8 °C, pulse is 110 bpm, respiratory rate is 18 per minute, and blood pressure is 145/85 mmHg. She has a wide, staring gaze and lid lag. What is the most likely laboratory finding in this woman?
What are the cells in the pancreas that produce glucagon?
A 16-year-old girl has been referred due to a six-month history of amenorrhea and weight loss, without identifiable organic cause. What signs would indicate a possible diagnosis of anorexia nervosa (AN)?
Possible revised output with paragraph spacing:
A 16-year-old girl has been referred to the clinic with a six-month history of amenorrhea and weight loss. Despite medical investigations, no organic cause has been identified for her symptoms. The healthcare provider suspects that the patient may have anorexia nervosa (AN), a serious eating disorder characterized by self-imposed starvation and distorted body image. To confirm or rule out this diagnosis, the provider needs to look for specific features that are commonly associated with AN.
A 32-year-old woman who has three children presents to the general practice clinic with complaints of feeling tired and overwhelmed. She had previously been prescribed citalopram for about 6 months after the birth of her first child. Her medical history includes the use of depo progesterone for contraception, which she believes is hindering her ability to lose weight. On examination, her BMI is 29 and her blood pressure is 142/72 mmHg. Laboratory tests reveal a slightly elevated TSH level of 4.5 µU/l. Based on these findings, what is the most likely diagnosis?
An infant is born with ambiguous genitalia, following an uneventful pregnancy and delivery. Upon further investigation, it is discovered that the child has congenital adrenal hyperplasia caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency.
What is a characteristic of 21-hydroxylase deficiency-related congenital adrenal hyperplasia?