MSFinals-0169
A 58-year-old man experiences a myocardial infarction (MI) that results in necrosis of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle. This has led to valve prolapse. Which structure is most likely responsible for the prolapse?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-0170
A 63-year-old man experiences a myocardial infarction (MI) that results in necrosis of the anterior papillary muscle of the right ventricle, leading to valve prolapse. Which structure is most likely responsible for the prolapse?
MSFinals-0134
A 65-year-old retired post-office worker presents to his General Practitioner (GP) with a two-week history of bleeding from the right nipple. He is otherwise well, with hypertension being the only medical history to note, which is well controlled on ramipril.
On examination of the right breast, the doctor notes some oozing of blood from the right nipple, with an underlying 2 cm × 2 cm fixed mass on palpation of the right areola.
With regard to breast cancer in men, which of the following statements is the most accurate?
MSFinals-0135
A 32-year-old woman comes to the breast clinic with a firm lump in her breast. She has never been pregnant and is a smoker.
What should be the next appropriate step?
MSFinals-0136
A 32-year-old woman comes to the GP with a 3-week history of a painful left breast. The pain has been getting worse over the last seven days, despite following her midwife’s advice. She is exclusively breastfeeding her first baby but had some attachment issues in the first few days. During the examination, you notice that she is sweating, her temperature is 38.5 °C, her heart rate is 110 bpm, and there is a tender, palpable, fluctuant lump in the left outer lower quadrant, with erythema and oedema of the overlying skin. What is the best course of action for this patient?
MSFinals-0137
A 30-year-old single mother comes to you with a breast lump. She is concerned because her mother passed away from breast cancer at the age of 50. Upon examination, she appears healthy and the lump is smooth, about 2 cm in size, easily movable, and not attached to the skin or underlying muscle. You cannot feel any masses in the axilla. What is the most probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-0138
A 50-year-old woman underwent a mammogram which showed a 2-cm lump in the upper outer quadrant of her right breast. Assuming the primary tumor has spread to a nearby lymph node, where would the metastatic cells most likely be located?
MSFinals-0139
A 70-year-old woman has been diagnosed with a malignant lesion in the medial part of her left breast. To which one of the following lymph node groups is this site most likely to drain?
MSFinals-0140
A 48-year-old woman is referred for further evaluation after an abnormal routine mammogram. Biopsy of a left breast mass shows high-grade malignant ductal epithelial cells with dark staining nuclei and several mitotic figures visible under high-power field. Necrosis and central calcification are noted and the basement membrane appears intact.
Based on the biopsy findings, which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
MSFinals-0141
A 40-year-old woman presents to the general practitioner (GP) with a painful, red left breast for the past two days. Since the birth of her first daughter eight weeks ago, she has been exclusively breastfeeding. The patient has also experienced fever and chills over the last 24 hours. She does not have any other medical problems.
Physical examination reveals a warm, erythematous and tender left breast without signs of masses or purulent discharge. There is a small fissure present. Her observations are shown below:
Temperature 36.8 °C
Blood pressure 126/59 mmHg
Heart rate 67 beats per minute
Respiratory rate 15 breaths per minute
Sp(O2) 98% (room air)
Which of the following is the most appropriate management for this patient?