MSFinals-0142
A 45-year-old lady receives an invitation to attend for breast screening at her local hospital.
Which one of the following statements with regard to breast screening is most accurate?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-0143
A 38-year-old woman visits her GP to discuss the possibility of starting tamoxifen treatment to prevent breast cancer. Although the patient is healthy and has no personal history of breast disease, she is worried because her mother was diagnosed with the condition at a young age. The patient has heard that taking tamoxifen can help lower the risk of developing breast cancer. What is the mode of action of tamoxifen?
MSFinals-0144
A patient visits her General Practitioner (GP) with some questions about the Breast Cancer Screening Programme, regarding which she has recently received a letter.
Which of the following most accurately describes the components of breast cancer screening for a patient who is in her 50s?
MSFinals-0145
A 52-year-old primary teacher is prescribed tamoxifen for the management of oestrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer. What is a frequently encountered adverse effect of tamoxifen?
MSFinals-0146
You are in pre-assessment clinic and request an electrocardiogram (ECG) on a 58-year-old man attending for a radical prostatectomy.
What are the limits of the normal cardiac axis?
MSFinals-0147
A foundation year 1 (FY1) doctor on the cardiology wards is teaching a group of first year medical students. She asks the students to work out the heart rate of a patient by interpreting his ECG taken during an episode of tachycardia.
What is the duration, in seconds, of one small square on an ECG?
MSFinals-0148
You are assisting in the anaesthesia of an 80-year-old man for a plastics procedure. He is having a large basal cell carcinoma removed from his nose. He has a history of ischaemic heart disease, having had three stents placed 2 years ago. He is otherwise healthy and still able to walk to the shops. His preoperative electrocardiogram (ECG) showed sinus rhythm. During the procedure, his heart rate suddenly increases to 175 bpm with a narrow complex, and you cannot see P waves on the monitor. You are having difficulty obtaining a blood pressure reading but are able to palpate a radial pulse with a systolic pressure of 75 mmHg. The surgeons have been using lidocaine with adrenaline around the surgical site. What is the next best course of action?
MSFinals-0149
A 57-year-old man arrives at the Emergency Department with sudden onset central crushing chest pain. The patient reports feeling pain in his neck and jaw as well. He has no significant medical history, but he does smoke occasionally and consumes up to 60 units of alcohol per week. An ECG is performed, revealing widespread ST elevation indicative of an acute coronary syndrome. At what point do the microscopic changes of acute MI become visible?
MSFinals-0150
A 57-year-old man arrives at the Emergency Department with sudden onset central crushing chest pain. The patient reports feeling pain in his neck and jaw as well. He has no significant medical history, but he does smoke socially and consumes up to 60 units of alcohol per week. An ECG is performed, revealing widespread ST elevation indicative of an acute coronary syndrome.
What is the earliest point at which the microscopic changes of acute MI become apparent?
MSFinals-0151
Examine the cardiac catheter data provided below for a patient. Which of the following clinical scenarios is most consistent with the given information?
Anatomical site Oxygen saturation (%) Pressure (mmHg) End systolic/End diastolic
Superior vena cava 74 –
Inferior vena cava 72 –
Right atrium 73 5
Right ventricle 74 20/4
Pulmonary artery 74 20/5
Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure – 15
Left ventricle 98 210/15
Aorta 99 125/75