MSFinals-5178
A 25-year-old pregnant woman is currently taking folic acid.
What is an unusual side effect that can occur with the use of folic acid during pregnancy?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-5179
Which of the following side-effects is most commonly associated with the use of ciclosporin in elderly patients?
MSFinals-5180
What is the mode of action of cholestyramine in the management of hyperlipidemia?
MSFinals-5181
What is the mechanism of action of statins in the management of hyperlipidaemia?
MSFinals-5182
What is the mechanism of action of nicotinic acid in the management of hyperlipidaemia?
MSFinals-5183
A 55-year-old man comes to the clinic with initial signs of COPD. He is a chain smoker and inquires about medications that can aid him in quitting smoking. Specifically, he has heard about a drug called Champix (varenicline).
What is the mechanism of action of varenicline, an anti-smoking medication?
MSFinals-5184
Samantha, a 63-year-old female, visits the clinic with complaints of feeling generally unwell, lethargic, nauseated, and experiencing yellow-green tinted vision for the past 2 weeks. She has a medical history of asthma, hypercholesterolaemia, and hypertension, for which she takes a salbutamol inhaler as required, atorvastatin, and verapamil. On examination, Samantha appears lethargic but alert and conscious, with stable haemodynamics. Her blood pressure is 160/110 mmHg, pulse 50/min, respiratory rate 16/min, oxygen saturation 99% on room air, and she has a normal body temperature. What is the best next step in managing Samantha’s condition?
MSFinals-5156
A 50-year-old man is worried about pain control during his upcoming radical prostatectomy. The consultant goes over various options, including general and regional anesthesia. What is a definite reason to avoid using regional anesthesia, such as spinal, epidural, or plexus block?
MSFinals-5157
A 75-year-old woman visits your GP clinic with a complaint of ankle swelling. The swelling persists throughout the day but worsens in the evenings, causing significant discomfort. The patient reports that the swelling started last month and has no other symptoms. She has no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidaemia and has never smoked. The patient was prescribed amlodipine 5mg once daily for stage 2 hypertension last month. On examination, her blood pressure is 135/90 mmHg, heart sounds are normal, jugular venous pulse is non-elevated, and respiratory examination is normal. Bilateral peripheral oedema is observed in the lower limbs without other abnormalities. What is the most effective treatment for the patient’s ankle oedema?
MSFinals-5158
What is the mode of action of fibrates in the management of hyperlipidemia?