MSFinals-5151
You are a second-year medical student in the Ophthalmology clinic and have been asked to review a patient’s optic discs and retina. Which one of the following agents should be used to dilate the patient’s pupils?
Archives: Medical Student Finals
MSFinals-5153
A 57-year-old patient with autoimmune hepatitis presents with worsening dyspnea and a dry cough. He has experienced weight loss and has observed changes in his hands. During the physical examination, you observe clubbing, mild cyanosis, and fine bibasal crepitations. What is the probable diagnosis?
MSFinals-5154
A 35-year-old woman, who has a history of alcoholism and self-neglect, presents with blood streaked vomiting due to a minor Mallory-Weiss tear. She is admitted to the hospital and receives an intravenous infusion of 5% dextrose. The next day, her serum potassium concentration is found to have dropped to 1.9 mmol/L (normal range 3.5-4.9, 3.9 on admission). What is the probable cause of the decrease in potassium concentration?
MSFinals-5155
You review a 56-year-old woman in the clinic who has a history of type 2 diabetes. She is currently treated with metformin 1g PO BD. On examination her BP is 150/80 mmHg, pulse is 78 and regular. Her chest is clear. Her abdomen is soft and non tender, her BMI is 31. Her bA1c is elevated at 9.1%, creatinine is 110 µmol/l. You decide to add dapagliflozin to her treatment plan. What is the correct mode of action of dapagliflozin?
MSFinals-5156
A 50-year-old man is worried about pain control during his upcoming radical prostatectomy. The consultant goes over various options, including general and regional anesthesia. What is a definite reason to avoid using regional anesthesia, such as spinal, epidural, or plexus block?
MSFinals-5157
A 75-year-old woman visits your GP clinic with a complaint of ankle swelling. The swelling persists throughout the day but worsens in the evenings, causing significant discomfort. The patient reports that the swelling started last month and has no other symptoms. She has no history of cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, or hyperlipidaemia and has never smoked. The patient was prescribed amlodipine 5mg once daily for stage 2 hypertension last month. On examination, her blood pressure is 135/90 mmHg, heart sounds are normal, jugular venous pulse is non-elevated, and respiratory examination is normal. Bilateral peripheral oedema is observed in the lower limbs without other abnormalities. What is the most effective treatment for the patient’s ankle oedema?
MSFinals-5158
What is the mode of action of fibrates in the management of hyperlipidemia?
MSFinals-5159
A 28-year-old female presents to the Emergency Department after a paracetamol overdose. What aspect of her medical history could potentially heighten the likelihood of liver failure?
MSFinals-5160
A 67-year-old woman presents to the postmenopausal bleeding clinic. She reports experiencing vaginal bleeding with clots within the last 2 months, despite having her last menstrual period 11 years ago. She denies any weight loss, abdominal or pelvic pain. The patient reports a history of one pregnancy at age 25, followed by the use of combined oral contraceptive pills until menopause. She has not undergone any hormonal replacement therapy since then. At age 34, she underwent a total mastectomy for breast cancer and completed a course of tamoxifen. The patient has a 23 pack-year smoking history and drinks one glass of wine per week. She is concerned about the risk of endometrial cancer. Which factor in her history increases her risk of this diagnosis?
MSFinals-5163
A 28-year-old woman has been prescribed tranexamic acid to alleviate symptoms of heavy menstrual bleeding. Can you explain the mechanism of action of tranexamic acid?