A family planning clinic is consulted by a couple who are hoping to have another child. They previously lost their first child to Tay Sachs disease. Upon genetic testing, it is discovered that both parents are carriers of the condition. What is the likelihood that their next child will also be a carrier?
A family consisting of a husband, wife, and their toddler son visit a genetic counselling session. The son has recently been diagnosed with hereditary haemochromatosis, and both parents are carriers. They are worried as they had plans to expand their family.
What is the likelihood of their next child having the same genotype?
You are discussing conception with two parents who both have achondroplasia. They ask you what the chances are that a child of theirs would be of average height. What is the appropriate answer?
A 65-year-old woman visits her doctor after undergoing a mastectomy to remove a cancerous lump in her breast. She reports experiencing weakness in her left shoulder and difficulty lifting her arm above her head since the surgery. Her husband has also observed that her left scapula is protruding, indicating a winged scapula. Which muscle is likely affected in this case?
A nursing student is assisting in orthopaedic surgery. A patient is having a lag screw fixation of a medial malleolar fracture. The student attempts to remember the structures in the vicinity of the medial malleolus.
Which of the following is correct?
A 12-year-old boy is brought to the Emergency Department after injuring his right upper arm while playing at the park. According to his friend who witnessed the incident, the boy fell off the monkey bars and landed on his right side. The boy is experiencing significant pain and is hesitant to move his arm.
What is the most frequent observation in patients with a Salter-Harris fracture?
A 40-year-old man falls while skiing. He presents to your clinic with weakness of pincer grip and pain and laxity on valgus stress of his thumb. What is the most probable injury?
A 24-year-old man is tackled during a rugby game and lands on his outstretched arm, resulting in a heavy fall. The team doctor examines him and notices a loss of contour in his right shoulder. Additionally, the man experiences numbness in the C5 dermatome of his right shoulder, which is commonly referred to as the regimental badge area. Which nerve is the most likely to have been affected?
A 30-year-old man presents to the A&E with a painful shoulder injury he sustained while playing basketball. Upon examination, you discover an anterior dislocation of his right shoulder. What pre- and post-relocation test must you perform?
A 25-year-old woman comes to the Emergency Department the morning after a fall on the dry ski slope. She fell with her thumb outstretched and caught it in the matting on the slope surface.
Upon examination, the thumb is swollen and bruised, and she experiences difficulty making a pinching movement between her index finger and thumb. A palpable mass is present on the ulnar aspect of the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint. A plain X-ray shows no fracture or dislocation.
What is the most probable diagnosis?