A 35-year-old female patient visits her GP complaining of ‘abnormal pupils’. Upon examination, it is observed that she has anisocoria, which is more noticeable in bright light, with her left pupil appearing smaller than her right. What is the most probable anatomical site that has been affected?
A 68-year-old man is referred to Ophthalmology with bilateral cataracts. He reports gradual worsening of his vision over many years and struggles with night-time driving due to glare. He is put on the waiting list for surgical repair.
What structure in the eye is affected by cataract formation?
A 65-year-old woman comes to the Emergency Department with multiple facial lesions that appeared suddenly 24 hours ago and are painful to the touch. She experienced burning pain on her forehead a week ago. Upon examination, she has tenderness on the left side of her forehead and several 4-6mm vesicles on the left side. Hutchinson’s sign is positive. What aspect of her condition necessitates an immediate evaluation by an ophthalmologist?
Which of the following is not a recognized cause of tunnel vision?
A 55-year-old man presents for a routine optometry exam to assess his overall eye health. He has a medical history of diabetes but has not been consistent with his medication and rarely monitors his blood sugar levels. During the fundoscopy, diffuse neovascularization and cotton wool spots were observed. What is the recommended treatment plan for this patient?
A 32-year-old man presents to the Ophthalmology Clinic with a painful red right eye and reduced visual acuity. He complains of watery eyes and photophobia. Upon examination, inflammatory cells are found in the anterior chamber. The patient is typically healthy, but has been receiving treatment from the Physiotherapy Team for back pain. What investigation would be most useful in identifying the underlying cause of his symptoms?
A mother brings her 4-year-old son to her General Practitioner. She has noticed that when her son gets tired, his left eye appears to deviate to the left. The child is referred to an ophthalmologist for further tests.
Which of the following is the most appropriate initial test to assess strabismus?
A 70-year-old man comes to the Emergency Department complaining of double vision that occurs when both eyes are open. He has a medical history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
During the examination, his visual acuity is measured at 6/9 in both eyes. The patient has complete drooping of his left eyelid. The size of his left pupil is the same as the right. His left eye is turned outward and slightly downward when looking straight ahead. The patient’s left eye movements are limited in most directions except for outward movement.
What is the next step in investigating this condition?
A 70-year-old man presents to the Emergency Department with a right-sided headache associated with diplopia, binocularly. He is known to have hypertension and type II diabetes mellitus.
On examination, his visual acuity is 6/9 in both eyes. There is a ptosis of his right eye. His right pupil appears larger than the left. His right eye is abducted on primary gaze. His right eye movements are restricted in most directions except abduction.
Which one of the following is the most important cause you need to rule out in this condition?
An older woman presents with an intermittent frontal headache associated with pain around her right eye which looks slightly red. She describes episodes occurring while she watches television in the evening, during which she sees halos around lights in the room. On examination, there is no tenderness around her temporal artery and her eye appears normal. She has normal visual acuity.
What is the most likely diagnosis?